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Global Trends in Coastal Pollution: Retrospective Ecosystem Assessment

This project aims to analyze pollution trends in coastal ecosystems over the last century using environmental archives and data, reducing global stress on these ecosystems. Tasks include revising methodologies, database creation, and dissemination of findings to stakeholders. Meetings and support from IAEA, UNIDO, and other agencies are outlined.

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Global Trends in Coastal Pollution: Retrospective Ecosystem Assessment

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  1. WG39: Global Trends in Pollution of Coastal Ecosystems:retrospective ecosystem assessment Jae R. OH Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco

  2. Radiochronology of recent sediments

  3. A0 A0/2 Radiochronometers (1) Natural tracers: • 7Be (53 d) • 210Pb(20 y) • 14C (5730 y) • 10Be (1.6 My)

  4. Radiochronometers (2) Transient tracers: • 90Sr (30 y) • 137Cs (30 y) • 14C (5730 y) • 239Pu (24 ky)

  5. 137Cs 1963 1986 1954 Chernobyl May 1986 Atmospheric nuclear weapon tests 1954 - 1963

  6. Flix dam (VC1) 137Cs as a time marker

  7. 210Pb and 137Cs dating

  8. Excess 210Pb (Bq·g-1) 0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0 1 2 3 4 5 Massic thickness (g·cm-2) 6 7 8 D = infinity r = 0.170 cm·y -1 9 10 11 12 Mixing • Bioturbation, physical mixing • Mixing  diffussion • diffussion coefficient

  9. Environmental parameters • Antropogenic impact: • metals • organic pollutants (PCBs, PAHs, PBDEs, …) • radionuclides • soot • sediments... • Natural record • pollen • diatoms...

  10. Pollution sources Hg Pb Urbanwaste Hg Chlor-alkali plant

  11. Bahía de los perros (19 m)

  12. History of contamination

  13. History of Pb pollution Based onEnrichment Factor (EF): EF=(Ms/Als)/(Mb/Alb) M: metal Al aluminium s: sample b: background

  14. 1988 The sediment quality of Sagua la Grande estuary suggests the presence of a significant contamination ! Hg (ppm)

  15. Lake Xolotlán (Nicaragua)

  16. XOL08Eutrophication

  17. Objectives • To carry out global assessment of pollution trends during the last century in sensitive coastal ecosystems, through retrospective ecosystem analysis by using dated environmental archives and time-series data where available • To contribute to reduce coastal ecosystem stress globally by providing above information to stakeholders, scientists and society

  18. Terms of Reference (1) • Operation: The WG will follow the rules approved by the GESAMP. The IAEA will provide technical support for the operation of the WG. The co-sponsors of the WG, in consultation with the GESAMP Chair and Vice-Chair, will select the WG Chair. The WG Chair will select the members of the WG, in consultation with the co-sponsors, from the GESAMP pool of experts.

  19. Terms of Reference (2) The main tasks are as follows (1): • Establish links with other organizations • Revise existing methodologies on suitable environmental archives, dating methods, pollution indicators, analytical techniques and trend analysis • Review existing data, including data quality, on a regional basis. Records of pollution in coastal environments will be used as background information.

  20. Terms of Reference (3) The main tasks are as follows (2): • Design, implement and maintain, with the help of the IAEA, a database of global trends of pollution. • Disseminate the WG activities through the GESAMP website, press release, preparation of educational materials and presentation at stakeholder meetings. Publish results in scientific journals, etc. • Report to GESAMP on all WG activities.

  21. Terms of Reference by Task (1): • Task 1: Bibliographic review, definitions, & methodologies • Task 2: Critical review of existing methodologies on suitable environmental archives, dating methods, pollution indicators, analytical techniques and trend analysis. Review existing data including data quality • Task 3: Database of global trends of pollution

  22. Terms of Reference by Task (2): • Task 4: Global assessment and evaluation of trends of pollution • Task 5: Dissemination activities: Website, press release, preparation of educational materials, presentation at stakeholder meetings

  23. Approach and related considerations (1) Geographic and Thematic • Not deeper than 200m in water depth: ocean borderlands and main islands • Working network of countries bordering marine waters and grouped in LMEs • LME network can be used to summarize the information on temporal trends on contaminants by LMEs

  24. Approach and related considerations (2)

  25. Approach and related considerations (3)

  26. Approach and related considerations (4) Meetings • Normal WG meetings • International Conference on “Global Trends in Pollution of Coastal Ecosystems” Leading Agency: IAEA, UNIDO (?) and ??? • IAEA contact: Jae OH

  27. Approach and related considerations (5) Support from the IAEA • Technical and secretarial support for the WG • 2-3 experts to the WG (ca. 9000Euros/y) Other Agencies & Partnerships • UNIDO & UNEP • IGBP, GEF, ICTP

  28. Thanks!

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