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Understanding Chromosomal Influence on Genetic Traits

Explore how chromosomes impact gene expression and traits, including Mendel's study on autosomal genes, inheritance rules, carriers of recessive disorders, and sex-linked traits in mammals. Discover the role of sex chromosomes in males and females and the random X chromosome inactivation process.

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Understanding Chromosomal Influence on Genetic Traits

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  1. KEY CONCEPT The chromosomes on which genes are located can affect the expression of traits.

  2. Two copies of each autosomal gene affect phenotype. • Mendel studied autosomal gene traits, like hair texture.

  3. (dominant) • Mendel’s rules of inheritance apply to autosomal genetic disorders. • A heterozygote for a recessive disorder is a carrier. • Disorders caused by dominant alleles are uncommon.

  4. Males and females can differ in sex-linked traits. • Genes on sex chromosomes are called sex-linked genes. • Y chromosome genes in mammals are responsible for male characteristics. • X chromosome genes in mammals affect many traits.

  5. Male mammals have an XY genotype. • All of a male’s sex-linked genes are expressed. • Males have no second copies of sex-linked genes.

  6. Female mammals have an XX genotype. • Expression of sex-linked genes is similar to autosomal genes in females. • X chromosome inactivation randomly “turns off” one X chromosome.

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