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CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 1 . CELLS. Terms to know. Anaphase cell Concentration differentiate Diffusion meristematic cells meristematic tissue mesophyll Mitosis organelle Phloem regeneration Stomata tissue xylem. The Discovery of the Cell. The first microscope was discovered I mid 1600’s

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CHAPTER 1

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  1. CHAPTER 1 CELLS

  2. Terms to know • Anaphase cell • Concentration differentiate • Diffusion meristematic cells • meristematic tissue mesophyll • Mitosis organelle • Phloem regeneration • Stomata tissue • xylem

  3. The Discovery of the Cell • The first microscope was discovered I mid 1600’s • Robert Hooke was the first describe cells in 1663 • He thought cells were the passage for fluids in plants • He understood that cells were the building blocks of life

  4. The Discovery of the Cell • Every living thing is made up of cells • Unicellular- one cell • Multicellular- more than one cell- specialized cells to perform multiple tasks • Cells take in nutrients from its and expels waste products into the environment • Cells can divide and replicate itself • Cells contain everything it needs to survive

  5. Cell Parts and their Functions • Cell- basic unit of life • Organelle- the smaller parts that make up a cell

  6. 7 FUNCTIONS OF AN ORGANELLE • Intake of nutrients • exchange gases • Movement • Growth • Response to stimuli • Waste removal • Reproduction

  7. Animal Cell- page 11 • Rough endoplasmic • reticulum • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum • Nucleolus • Nucleus • Chromatin • Cell membrane • Ribosome • Golgi apparatus • Cytoplasm • Lysosome • Mitochondria • Vacuole • Cytoskeleton

  8. Plant Cell- Page 10 • Cell wall • Chloroplast • Central vacuole • Cell membrane • Mitochondria • Golgi apparatus • Chromatin • Nucleus • Nucleolus • Rough endoplasmic reticulum • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum • ribosome • Cytoplasm

  9. Plant Cell- Page 10 • Cell wall • Chloroplast • Central vacuole • Cell membrane • Mitochondria • Golgi apparatus • Chromatin • Nucleus • Nucleolus • Rough endoplasmic reticulum • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum • ribosome • Cytoplasm

  10. Cell Membrane • Forms a protective barrier around the cell • Double layer of lipids • Lipid- fat like molecule that does not dissolve in water • Allows materials to move into the cell

  11. Diffusion • Process that allows materials to move into the cell • Movement from high to low concentration • Gases and liquids can diffuse across a membrane

  12. Cytoplasm • Jelly-like substance that fills the cell • Surrounds the organelles • Contains the nutrients that are required by the cell

  13. Nucleus • Control center (brain) of the cell • Surrounded by nuclear envelope • Small pores used to transport materials • Controls • Reproduction • Growth

  14. Nucleus • Contains the DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid • Produces proteins- long strands • When the cell divides- the chromatin condenses to form CHROMOSOMES • DNA- personal identification

  15. VACUOLE • Store nutrients and waste • Plants- central vacuole • Stores waste for the cell • The vacuole will store water and swell in size

  16. Mitochondria • Source of energy for the cell • Also known as the powerhouse • Convert chemical energy into sugar • Muscles

  17. Lysosomes • Digestion occurs in this organelle • Filled with enzymes • Enzymes is a protein that speeds up the chemical reactions in a cell • Break down invading bacteria • Help clean up the cell

  18. Golgi Apparatus • Receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum • Modify • Package • Deliver proteins throughout the cell

  19. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Made of interconnecting small tubes • Carry material throughout the cell

  20. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Involved with making proteins • Ribosome- small attached to the ER • PROTEINS are created in the Rough ER

  21. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Production of fats and oils • No ribosomes

  22. Cytoskeleton • Internal network of fibers • Made of protein filaments • Helps to maintain the cell’s shape

  23. Cell Wall • Only in plants- algae- bacteria- fungi • Frame around the cell that provides • Strength • Support • Protection

  24. Chloroplasts • Found only in plants and algae • Contains green substance called CHLORPYHLL • Chlorophyll uses the sun’s energy to perform photosynthesis

  25. Thylakoids • Internal structure of the chloroplast • Looks like a stack of coins • Surrounded by a thick fluid called stroma • A stack is called a GRANUM

  26. Difference ANIMAL • Centrioles- involved in cell division • Small vacuoles • Specialized compounds- hemoglobin • Found in red blood cells • Have chlorophyll – green colour used for photosynthesis • Large central vacuole • Store energy in form of starch and oils (canola oil) PLANT

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