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Comprehensive Guide to Clinical Laboratory Studies: Hematology, Chemistry, and Microbiology

Explore key laboratory tests and techniques in hematology, chemistry, and microbiology, including analysis of peripheral venous blood, body fluids, cellular elements, and proteins in plasma.

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Comprehensive Guide to Clinical Laboratory Studies: Hematology, Chemistry, and Microbiology

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  1. Clinical Laboratory Studies Chapter 6

  2. Laboratory Testing • Peripheral venous blood • Body fluids or secretions • Sputum • Pleural fluid • Cerebrospinal fluid • Urine • Feces • Sweat

  3. Hematology • Cellular Elements • CBC • Platelet count • Reticulocyte count 2. Proteins in the Plasma • PT • INR • APTT • WBC - leukocytes • RBC – erythrocytes • Platelets - thrombocytes

  4. WBC • WBC Differential • Granulocytes • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils • Lymphocytes • Monocytes

  5. Leukocytosis Leukopenia Neutrophilia Neutropenia Pseudoneutrophilia Pseudoneutropenia Left Shift Eosinophilia Basophilia Lymphocytosis Lymphocytopenia Monocytosis Leukemia Myeloproliferative disorders WBC Abnormalities

  6. RBC • Normoblasts • Hematocrit • Hemoglobin • MCV • MCH • MCHC • RDW

  7. RBC Abnormalities • Anemia • Microcytic hypochromic • Normocytic normochromic • Macrocytic • Polycythemia • Primary • Secondary • Spurious

  8. Reticulocyte count • Sedimentation rate • Platelet count • Coagulation studies • Bleeding time • Platelet count • APTT • PT/INR

  9. Chemistry • Electrolyte Concentrations • BUN/Creatinine • Enzymes • Glucose • Proteins • Lipids • Tumor Markers • Drug Monitoring

  10. Sodium (Na+) Hypernatremia Hyponatremia Potassium (K-) Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia Chloride (Cl-) Hyperchloremia hypochloremia Total CO2 Anion Gap Electrolyte concentration of Sweat Electrolyte Concentrations

  11. Renal Function • BUN • Creatinine

  12. AST ALT ALP ACP LDH CK Myoglobin Troponin Amylase Lipase Enzymes

  13. Glucose • Hyperglycemia • Hypoglycemia

  14. Proteins Lipids Tumor Markers Drug Monitoring

  15. Normal flora vs sterile areas of the body Pathogenic organisms Classification Culture and Sensitivity Sputum Collection Sputum Examination BAL Pleural Fluid Examination Microbiology

  16. Urinalysis • Appearance • Specific gravity • pH • Protein - proteinuria • Glucose – glucosuria • Ketones • Blood - hematuria • Bilirubin • Urobilinogen • Nitrate • Sediment

  17. Histology - Biopsy • Lung tissue • Tumors • Cytology • Fluids • Secretions • Skin Testing

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