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1. Exploring Complexity in Social Sciences 2. Understanding generalization and generality in transdisciplinary social sc

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1. Exploring Complexity in Social Sciences 2. Understanding generalization and generality in transdisciplinary social sc

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  1. Generality and Generalisation in Transdisciplinary Social Science Liam Greenacre E-mail: sslg@leeds.ac.uk

  2. • Generalisation- Talking about something using findings from somewhere else (e.g. research findings may be applicable to different settings). • Generality- Having a breadth of knowledge in contrast to depth.

  3. Complex Systems • Emergence • Nonlinearity • Feedback • Far from Equilibrium • Self-organisation • Open to the environment • History

  4. Sociology- Byrne and Callaghan (2013) • Emergence- Networks where ‘the whole is greater than the sum’ with structure and agents interacting in material conditions + relations. • Non-linearity- Inputs and outputs in a system do not necessarily correlate, plus time can be nonlinear too. • Not in equilibrium- Social systems are not static due to their openness to the environment. • Occupies a phase space- Despite the above, social systems can be relatively stable for a duration.

  5. Social-Ecological Systems (Preiser et al. 2013; 2018) • Emergent: The social or ecological components (if such a distinction can be made) exhibit behaviour beyond the sum of their parts. • Adaptive: Partly due to their openness and also difficulty in defining boundaries, SES can adapt or change state. • Nonlinearity- Again, inputs do not always result in a correlation with outputs. • Multi-dimensional- SES have different components, ecological and social.

  6. Narrative Theory (Ryan, 2019) • Decentralised Control- A narrative is not always structured around a single part (such as a preface). • Emergence- The parts of a text come together to form a synthesis which is greater than the sum of its parts. • Interconnection- There are networks of characters, objects and actions. • Nonlinearity- A text can be nonlinear by following an unconventional structure.

  7. Complex Systems • Emergence • Nonlinearity • Feedback • Far from Equilibrium • Self-organisation • Open to the environment • History

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