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Chapter 8 Multicomponent Homogeneous Nonreacting Systems: Solutions

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Chapter 8 Multicomponent Homogeneous Nonreacting Systems: Solutions

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    1. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-1 Chapter 8 Multicomponent Homogeneous Nonreacting Systems: Solutions Notes on Thermodynamics in Materials Science by Robert T. DeHoff (McGraw-Hill, 1993).

    2. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-2 Extensive Quantities of the State Functions: F/, G/, H/, S/, U/, V/ Using G/ as example:

    3. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-3 Partial Molal Quantities of the State Functions: . Using as example:

    4. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-4 Gibbs-Duhem Equation The contributions of the components sum to the whole:

    5. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-5 Reference States: F/O, G/O, H/O, S/O, U/O, V/O T, S, V, P have absolute values. F, G, H, U have relative values. The difference in values between states is unique. To compare values, use the same reference state. Superscript O refers to the reference state.

    6. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-6 Rule of Mixtures

    7. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-7 Mixing Values for Solutions DF/mix, DG/mix, DH/mix, DS/mix, DU/mix, DV/mix For solution: Gibbs free energy of mixing.

    8. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-8 Mixing Values

    9. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-9 Mixing values for Solutions DF/mix, DG/mix, DH/mix, DS/mix, DU/mix, DV/mix Differential form:

    10. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-10 Graphical Evaluation of Partial Molal Values Consider a binary system (alloy):

    11. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-11 Derivation: Graphical Evaluation of Partial Molal Values

    12. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-12 Integration of the Gibbs-Duhem Equation(s) For a binary system (alloy):

    13. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-13 Molar Values of the State Functions Note:

    14. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-14 Chemical Potential of (Open) Multicomponent Systems

    15. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-15 Chemical Potential of (Open) Multicomponent Systems

    16. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-16 Activities and Activity Coefficients Definition of activity, ak (dimensionless):

    17. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-17 Ideal Solution No heat of mixing.

    18. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-18 Ideal Solution

    19. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-19 Ideal Solution All plots (e.g. DGmix vs. Xk) are symmetrical with composition. Slopes of plots of DSmix, DFmix, DGmix are infinite at Xk =0 & Xk =1. Entropy of mixing is independent of temperature.

    20. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-20 Ideal Solution Activity is the same as mole fraction. Activity coefficient is one.

    21. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-21 Dilute Solutions: Raoult & Henry’s Laws Raoult’s Law for the solvent in dilute solutions:

    22. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-22 Real Solutions: Relation of Activity Coefficient to Free Energy Ideal partial molal free energy of mixing:

    23. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-23 Regular Solution Heat of mixing is a function of composition, only.

    24. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-24 Regular Solution

    25. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-25 Regular Solution

    26. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-26 Regular Solution

    27. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-27 Regular Solution

    28. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-28 Regular Solution

    29. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-29 Problem 8.6 DeHoff

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