Department of Homeland Security GPS Interference Detection and Mitigation

1. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) GPS Interference Detection and Mitigation (IDM) John Merrill DHS GIS Program Manager Office of Applied Technology Geospatial Management Office

2. Topics of Discussion DHS IDM Mandates Threats to Critical Infrastructure (CI)/Key Resources (KR) Relying on GPS Threat Assessment & Operations Plan Incident Response Mitigation & Detection Central Data Repository PNT Interference System Capability

4. GPS is Ubiquitous and Vulnerable Banking and Finance 2. Chemical 3. Commercial Facilities 4. Commercial Nuclear Reactors, Materials, and Waste 5. Dams 6. Defense Industrial Base 7. Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems 8. Emergency Services 9. Energy 10. Food and Agriculture 11. Government Facilities 12. Information Technology 13. National Monuments and Icons 14. Postal and Shipping 15. Public Health and Healthcare 16. Telecommunications 17. Transportation Systems Power Grids: Use PNT for electric line phasing Optimized management and distribution of energy based upon needs and demands of customer base More economically controlled transfer of energy between regional stations Keep the supply of electrical energy safer, more reliable, and more economical Selectively switch line faults in the shortest time possible Banking: Use PNT for time sync/pps Provide a worldwide single time reference accurate to 50 nanoseconds (0.00000005 seconds) Trade information verification between stock exchanges around the globe Enable worldwide time-critical trading and banking transactions Accurate data-log of all transactions and increased security infrastructure Consumer base increased flexibility to conduct transactions with deceased overhead to the banking industry Transportation: FAA, Railroads, Cargo: Support coordinated movement of critical materials and supplies Support optimal routing of materials and supplies in a timely manner Support redirection of materials and supplies when deemed necessary to overcome unplanned disruptions Communications: Use PNT for time sync/pps Faster and more efficient response of emergency services Improved and more accurate billing services Geographic Information Systems: ability to read maps and navigate with cell phone Ability to expand beyond regional markets to global marketsGPS is Ubiquitous and Vulnerable Banking and Finance 2. Chemical 3. Commercial Facilities 4. Commercial Nuclear Reactors, Materials, and Waste 5. Dams 6. Defense Industrial Base 7. Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems 8. Emergency Services 9. Energy 10. Food and Agriculture 11. Government Facilities 12. Information Technology 13. National Monuments and Icons 14. Postal and Shipping 15. Public Health and Healthcare 16. Telecommunications 17. Transportation Systems Power Grids: Use PNT for electric line phasing Optimized management and distribution of energy based upon needs and demands of customer base More economically controlled transfer of energy between regional stations Keep the supply of electrical energy safer, more reliable, and more economical Selectively switch line faults in the shortest time possible Banking: Use PNT for time sync/pps Provide a worldwide single time reference accurate to 50 nanoseconds (0.00000005 seconds) Trade information verification between stock exchanges around the globe Enable worldwide time-critical trading and banking transactions Accurate data-log of all transactions and increased security infrastructure Consumer base increased flexibility to conduct transactions with deceased overhead to the banking industry Transportation: FAA, Railroads, Cargo: Support coordinated movement of critical materials and supplies Support optimal routing of materials and supplies in a timely manner Support redirection of materials and supplies when deemed necessary to overcome unplanned disruptions Communications: Use PNT for time sync/pps Faster and more efficient response of emergency services Improved and more accurate billing services Geographic Information Systems: ability to read maps and navigate with cell phone Ability to expand beyond regional markets to global markets

5. Preparedness Activities DOT-DOD Information Dissemination & Coordination Team (IDCT) sponsored a Command Post Exercise on February 19, 2009 to fulfill: Space-Based PNT Policy goals DHS Interference Detection and Mitigation (IDM) Plan objectives National Security Council – Chartered Purposeful Interference Response Team (PIRT) requirements Rehearse newly revised GPSOC, NOCC, NAVCEN procedures

6. Preparedness ActivitiesCommand Post Exercise (CPX) Simulated purposeful scenarios Illuminated need for Interagency checklist with clear lead and supporting authorities and incident ranking criteria Multi-agency collaborative environment for shared situational awareness Further exercises w/greater complexity, scope, and interaction with PIRT Continue CPX simulations until response is second nature

7. Threat Assessment & Operations Plan (OPlan) Preliminary Study of CI/KR Vulnerabilities Report with Recommendations: Joint Civil & Defense Interagency Stakeholders Dependency on GPS Impact to CI/KR Technical Tools to Mitigate Vulnerability Gaps Demonstration/test to ID Vulnerabilities and Measure Effective Mitigation Techniques Operations Plan

8. Central Data Repository Requirements(Policy Derived Qualitative) Central Interference Report (IR) database focal point of all PNT interference Encompass process and functions for detection validation, investigation, assessment, corroboration of IR Automated dissemination of data and reduce IR information distribution delays for decision support Mechanisms for cataloging PNT applications and associated vulnerabilities to interference Employ information assurance components and processes to protect database Assure the integrity of IR and sensors

9. Central Data Repository Requirements(Quantitative Goals & Objectives) User Access Threshold – 70 concurrent user access User Access Sign-on – 475 read access 150 PNT incident reports (IR) per month (1800 annually) Database support 500,000 unique IR entries Responses to system queries less than 8 seconds New & updated IRs posted immediately visible, available and accessible System availability of 99.9% Automatic update to subscribers – Initially: Navigation Center, FAA Operations Center, GPS Operations Center.

10. Central Data Repository Baseline Requirements - Cost control, use existing architecture FAA Spectrum Engineering Tracking System (SETS) Integrated Common Analytical Viewer (iCAV) Geospatial enabling/visualization tool Geographic Information System interface that integrates multiple geospatial data sources from a centralized geospatial data warehouse Based on the Environmental Systems Research Institute’s (ESIR) suite of products; ability to map, analyze, and view information from a mission specific application which assembles and compares data from various sources.

11. Central Data Repository Federal Aviation Administration’s SETS core 10 data fields (mandatory entries): SETS ID # {Record URL} DATE START - DD/MM/YYYY DATE STOP - DD/MM/YYYY EVENT TIME START - #### UTC EVENT TIME STOP - #### UTC LATITUDE - +##.####### Degrees LONGITUDE - +###.####### Degrees USER EQUIPMENT TYPE FREQUENCY (L1, L2, L5… etc.) - ####.#### REMARKS & OTHER RELEVENT INFORMATION

12. Central Data Repository Federal Aviation Administration’s SETS four additional data fields (optional entries): Event Status Source Joint Spectrum Interference Report (JSIR) DTG Altitude Future data field: US National Grid The following slides show the existing FAA’s SETS web pages which will be changed to a DHS PNTIP “look & feel”

16. PNT Interference System Capability Collaboration of Federal Agencies Utilize Existing Infrastructure for Mitigation of PNT Interference CORS, NDGPS, Rescue-21 Excess of 25,000 available Negotiating with TELCOM Industry Leverage Current Technology

17. Patriot WatchOverlook Systems Technologies, Inc. System-of-Systems approach to provide real-time monitoring (preparedness), location & notification (response) of GPS interference Designed with government & commercial hardware Persistent monitoring yields situational awareness Timely response to anomalies Sensor placement based on PNT critical infrastructure & resources Remains operational when GPS systems is “stressed”

18. Patriot ShieldOverlook Systems Technologies, Inc. System-of-Systems designed to deny the nefarious use of PNT signals within the United States Deployable & fixed assets part of national solution Intelligence community part of systems activation CONOPS requires coordinated operational threat response Modeling, simulation, & testing critical to systems development Will leverage existing Electronic Attack & Testing Coordination protocols for notification & response

23. Summary Central Data Repository Funded; TRIAD & other federal agencies by December 2009 Vulnerability Assessment & OPLAN Early 2009/2010 National Level Sensor Capability 3 – 6 Years

24. Partnerships Department of Homeland Security U. S. Coast Guard National Geospatial Intelligence Agency National Security Agency Naval Surface Warfare Center – Dahlgren, VA USAF GPS Wing Joint Navigation Warfare Center

25. DHS Geospatial Management Office Mr. John Merrill John.Merrill@dhs.gov 202-447-3731