Microcontrollers and Microprocessors

1. Microcontrollers and Microprocessors Prepared by: Greg Brownell

2. Definitions • Micro: Tiny • Controller: Control – Decision-based Action • Processor: Process Data (crunch numbers)

3. Z80 8-bit Microprocessor

4. 68HC11 8-bit Microcontroller

5. Embedded Controls: Examples • Microcontrollers • ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits) • PGAs (Programmable Gate Arrays) • PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices) • SOCs (System On a Chip)

6. Microprocessors: Examples • Intel 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486, 80586 • Zilog Z80, Z8, Z8000 • AMD K6 • Intel Pentium, Xeon, Itanium • Motorola 6800

7. Comparison: 8-Bit Microcontroller 68HC11 (MicroStamp) 8-Bit Microprocessor Z80 • 8-Bit Microcontroller • 8-Bit Microprocessor Atribute Control/Monitor Process Data Function Instructions External Application Performance Data Handling Programming Connections Support RISC: 145 Full Set: 158 Text Text Digital/Analog Peripherals Text Embedded Logic CPU Core Text Text Text Instructions/second MFLOPS I/O Pins Bus-oriented Text Text Internal ROM External RAM Text 20 pins 40 pins Stand-alone External Chipset

8. Programming the MicroStamp • Create a Project using Integrated Development Environment • Write the Source Code using the built-in text editor • Include Links to Definition (header) files needed • Add your Files to the Project • Build the Project (compile programs) • Download Compiled Code to MicroStamp

9. Creating a Project • Open the IDE Application: ICC • Select “Project”, “New” • Enter a unique Name for your Project

10. Write the Code • Various Language Compilers Available • C Language is Versatile and Popular • MicroStamp uses a limited Subset of ANSI C

11. Include Header Files • Some Standard Functions from KERNEL.C • Other Library Routines from VECTOR.C • Use Standard #INCLUDE directives

12. Adding Files to the Project • Simple Menu-driven Procedure • Select Files from the List • Pick “Project”, “Add Files”

13. Building the Project • Files can be Compiled Individually, or • Click the “Build Project” Button • Automatically Compiles Programs

14. Download Code to Stamp • Connect Serial Cable from PC Port • Run the program: MicroLoad.EXE • Under “Options” select MicroStamp 11 • Hit “Load” and open your .S19 file • Follow the on-screen instructions • Click the Download button

15. Running the Finished Program • Switch the MicroStamp from “boot” to “run” and from “load” to “code protect” • Press the Master Reset button • Return switches to “load” position to download another program

16. Code Example: IFLAB.C #include"kernel.c" void _HC11Setup(){ *(unsigned char volatile*)(0x3D) = 0x01; OPTION = 0x04; } void main(void){ int ilevel; int istep; init(); ilevel=0 ; display_digit(ilevel); while(1){ istep=butcontrol(); ilevel=(ilevel+istep)%8; display_digit(ilevel); } } #include"vector.c"

17. Display Decoder Function void display_digit(int data){ int i; for(i=1;i<8;i++) clear_pin(i); switch (data){ case 0: set_pin(1);set_pin(2);set_pin(3); set_pin(4);set_pin(5);set_pin(6); break; case 1: set_pin(2);set_pin(3); break; case 2: set_pin(1);set_pin(2);set_pin(7); set_pin(5);set_pin(4); break;

18. 7-Segment LED: Numeric

19. LED Display: Detail

20. Hexadecimal Display (base 16) Hexadecimal is used to represent numbers with a radix of 16. It consists of the numeric digits 0-9 plus alpha characters A-F. This “shorthand” notation is commonly used when writing binary computer code because fewer digits are required.

21. Schematic Diagram

22. Assignment • Create and Build your own project • Modify the existing code: IFLAB.C • Change the Display output from 0-7 to A-H or define your own character set

23. Special Notes • Put the .c files in your own project folder • After demonstrating that your program runs, reload the original program from C:\ICC\learn_1\learn_1.s19 • Leave your project folder on the laptop as evidence that you have completed lab • Back up your files and then delete them • If the serial port becomes unplugged, re-insert it matching the black pin to the dot