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Book 2 Attribution. Starter. Answer the examination questions – not the repeats. Home learning. Annotate the two articles using green pen to highlight aspects of attribution theory Answer the examination questions. Home learning. Attribution.

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  1. Book 2 Attribution Starter Answer the examination questions – not the repeats

  2. Home learning • Annotate the two articles using green pen to highlight aspects of attribution theory • Answer the examination questions

  3. Home learning

  4. Attribution

  5. Football Challenge- Who can keep the ball up for the longest time?

  6. MOTD Jose M

  7. ATTRIBUTION • “The perceived reasons for success or failure of an event or pattern of behaviour” (James et al 2009:186)

  8. By the end of the lesson you will be able to answer the following questions:

  9. LOCUS OF CAUSALITY Internal External Task difficulty Ability Stable STABILITY Effort Luck Unstable

  10. Connector Watch the following videos and note the reasons for the issues they raised: Fergie: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmvBWsmdeCU Arsene: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTWBUNT-SY4

  11. Key words • Attribution theory • Locus of causality • Locus of stability • Locus of control • Self-serving bias • Learned helplessness

  12. Attribution • Individuals actively attach personal meaning to behaviour outcomes. • For example, if I win a game of table tennis, I might attribute the victory to my ability or the poor table or equipment • There are 4 main categories of attribution (Weiner, 1972)

  13. LOCUS OF CAUSALITY Internal External Task difficulty Ability Stable STABILITY Effort Luck Unstable

  14. Locus of causality • This dimension classifies the outcome as internal or external. • Internal attributions come from within the participant. • Examples include effort, concentration, fitness, ability, motivation. • External attributions are anything external from the individual. • Examples include the weather, officials, opponents, luck.

  15. Stability • This dimension relates to whether the cause of the outcome is consistent or will fluctuate. • Stable factors might be equipment, timing, ability, opponents’ ability (depending on competition). • Unstable factors might be effort, luck, officials, etc.

  16. Weiner’s model with examples

  17. What did they attribute their reasons towards? Arsene: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTWBUNT-SY4 Fergie: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmvBWsmdeCU

  18. Exam tips • Be able to draw and interpret Weiner’s model and make sure it is labeled correctly • Describe practical examples to explain the attributions following a variety of results. • To maintain a performer’s motivation you can attribute loss or failure to any other factors other than internal stable factors

  19. Attribution retraining • Make notes from page 115

  20. Learned helplessness • This term describes when a person expects to fail. • This expectation is based on previous experiences of failure. • They attribute failure to lack of ability (internal and stable). • What is difference between global and specific learned helplessness?

  21. Expecting to fail • Whether you think you can, or you think you can’t, you’re probably right. (Henry Ford) • The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when someone expects to fail, and consequently does. Low levels of self efficacy or confidence?

  22. How can we overcome learned-helplessness? • Guarantee some success. • Set short-term goals, that are somewhat challenging but that will be achieved relatively quickly. • Give positive reinforcement. • Give lots of encouragement. • While rewards can be used, the coach should focus on enhancing intrinsic motivation, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. • What are the 3 most effective strategies? Pg 191

  23. Summary • Attribution is the process of identifying what caused an outcome. • How we attribute outcomes will influence our self-efficacy and motivation. • Sustained negative attribution could lead to low self-esteem and learned helplessness. • Failure should be attributed to external, unstable, or uncontrollable factors. • Success should be attributed to internal, stable, or controllable factors.

  24. Exam questions 2006

  25. Exam answers - 2006

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