The Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution

2. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the mid 1700’s. • What was the Industrial Revolution? • A shift from an economy based on farming and handicrafts to an economy based on manufacturing by machines in factories. • Primary economySecondary economy

5. 5 Reasons IR Began in Great Britain: • 1. Agricultural improvements: caused food prices to drop, made more food available; then people had money to spend on manufactured goods. • Second Agricultural Revolution • 2. Increased population (due to food supply) creates a large labor force. • why did they need a large labor force??

6. 3. Capital: an increased, ready supply of MONEY $$ to invest in machines and factories. Rise of the entrepreneur. • 4.Natural Resources: Great Britain had many rivers for water power and transportation. Also large supplies of coal and ironore for power and machinery.

7. 5. Markets: Great Britain had a colonial empire, which gave them many places to sell goods

8. 1. Agriculture

9. 2. Population

10. 3. Capital

11. 4. Natural Resources coal Thames River Iron ore

12. 5. Markets

13. Cottage Industry • Anybody remember what this means • Small-scale production of goods, with little technology , often located in or near the home.

14. Cottage Industry spinning cotton into thread, then thread into cloth. How would you describe this process shown???

15. . Innovations in Cotton industry: • 1764 James Hargreaves: • Spinning Jenny- made weaving faster • 1760’s-1782 James Watt: • Steam Engine • 1787 Edmund Cartwright: • Water-powered loom • Made factories near rivers • How did this change Great Britain’s industry? Imported cotton (lbs): 1760= 2.5 million • 1787=22 million • 1840= 366 million

16. Spinning Jenny

18. Where did the British get all of this cotton???? • Yes, from their colonies in America, then from the USA.

19. What substance was needed to power the steam engine? • COAL • New processes aided in transforming another industry? • IRON • Henry Cort developed puddling….what’s that? Process to make high quality iron. • How did iron industry change in Great Britain? • 1740 =17,000 tons produced • 1780 =70,000 tons produced • 1852 = 3 million tons produced

20. Who is mining the iron ore and coal? • Who is processing the iron ore? • Yes, the larger population from agricultural successes. • People begin to move to urban centers for work.

22. So why all the iron needed? • RAILROADS

23. The first steam locomotive was developed in England by John Blenkinsop and Mathew Murray of Leeds. The first engine was pulled along a cogg rail, and was used in coal mines. It first operated in June 1814. It went 4 miles per hour.

24. The Rocket 1830 • Connected Liverpool to Manchester • Went 16 miles per hour. • Why were railroads so important to the Industrial Revolution? • Move raw materials • move finished goods • created jobs – in factories and in building rails

25. The Rocket

27. Spread of the IR • First European countries to industrialize… France, Belgium, German states. • North America: rapid population growth and industrialization. • Transportation: Steam engine- Robert Fulton • Railroad: by 1860- 30,000 miles of track • Workers: rural farmers, women and children.

28. Social Impact of IR in Europe • 1. Growth of cities: • Population explosion • 1750: 140 million • 1850: 266 million • Why? Decline in war and disease. Increase in food supply. • Cities became home to industries. Steam power no longer needed water access. • 1800- England had one major city: London • By 1850, 9 major cities with half of GB’s population living in them

29. 2. Growth of 2 new social classes due to Industrial Capitalism: • Economic system based on industrial production • Industrial Middle Class • Industrial Working Class • Let’s discuss each…

30. Industrial middle class • People who funded building the factories, bought the machines, and found the markets. • Qualities: ambition, initiative, and often… • GREED

31. Industrial Working Class • Factory workers • Long hours (12-16 per day) • 6 days a week • Wretched conditions; dirty, dangerous, unhealthy places. • Coal miners harshest , cotton industry ( 2/3 women and children) • Factory Act of 1833 set age at 9.

33. Socialism • What is it?? • Next class we will learn economic systems… • Economic system where society, in the form of government, owns and controls the means of production.

35. STOP HERE for PAP Geo

36. Industrial RevolutionEditorial Investigation • In your group of 3, you will gather and report information about ten different aspects of the Industrial Revolution. • Use critical thinking to fill in all columns of your chart, discuss different aspects with your group. • Focus on that 3rd column, that is the most important. Discuss with your group!!

37. Homework ? Due NOW!!!! • Write at least ½ page journal entry about the following topic: • “How do the effects of the Industrial Revolution – technological, social, economic – continue to impact you today?”

39. Socialism • What is it?? • Economic system where society, in the form of government, owns and controls the means of production.

40. Quiz: • 1. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? 5 reasons • 2. Discuss the importance of the railroad to the I.R. • 3.Discuss a social impact of the Industrial Revolution.

41. Happy Monday 03-01-10 • Get your textbook! • Turn in Industrial Revolution investigative article. • Turn in any late work. • Warm-up: Define the word Nationalism. Did you feel this as you were watching the Olympics? Describe with examples.

42. Congress of ViennaSeptember 1814 • What was it? • A meeting of the largest European powers to arrange a final peace settlement following the Napoleonic Wars. • Who was there? • Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia • Leader: Klemens von Metternich of Austria

46. Purpose of the meeting: • 1. to restore power to monarchs and families that ruled before Napoleon. • 2.To balancepower to prevent any one country from dominating. • 3.To contain the forces of change brought out by the French Revolution

47. Conservatism and Liberalism • Conservatism: political philosophy based on tradition and social stability. principle of intervention: the right to send armies into countries that were revolting and restore monarchs. • Liberalism: political philosophy based on Enlightenment principles, and that people should be free of government restraint. religious toleration, constitutional govt, natural rights

48. NATIONALISM • A people’s awareness of being part of a community with common institutions, traditions, language and customs. (community called a nation) • This trumps loyalty to a dynasty or other political unit. • Believed each nation should have its own government. • This is a threat to political order after Congress of Vienna.

49. Nationalists are allies with liberals. • These two forces come together and cause a series of revolutions throughout Europe.