Making fertilisers

1. Making Fertilisers Making fertilisers • Ammonia (alkaline) and nitric acid react together in a neutralisation reaction • The fertiliser ammonium nitrate is produced

2. Making Fertilisers Making fertilisers

3. Neutralisation Making fertilisers

4. The Haber Process The Haber Process • Ammonia is made in the Haber process • The raw materials are nitrogen (from the air) and hydrogen (from natural gas) • The conditions needed are; • high temperatures (about 4500) • high pressures (200 atm). • iron catalyst

5. The Haber Process The Haber Process

6. The Haber Process The Haber Process

7. Reversible reactions Reversible reactions • The Haber process reaction is reversible • This means that the product (ammonia) can break down again into the reactants (nitrogen and hydrogen)

8. Reversible reaction Reversible reaction

9. Equilibrium Equilibrium • For a reversible reaction in a closed system, an equilibrium is reached where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction • The amount of reactants and products in the equilibrium depends on the conditions • The equilibrium will move to reduce any changes in the reaction

10. Equilibrium Equilibrium

11. Low temperature Low temperature

12. High temperature Hign temperature

13. Making Nitric acid Making nitric acid • Ammonia reacts with oxygen in the air in the presence of a hot platinum catalyst to produce nitrogen monoxide • The nitrogen monoxide reacts with water and more oxygen to produce nitric acid

14. Making Nitric Acid Making nitric acid

15. Quiz Quiz