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Major Events of Washington and Adams Presidencies: Governance and Political Divides

This overview explores the significant events during the presidencies of George Washington and John Adams, including the establishment of the President's Cabinet with key figures like Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. Key issues, such as the creation of a national bank, the Whiskey Rebellion, and foreign relations, particularly with France and Spain, are discussed. The rise of the first political parties, Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, illustrates the emerging political divides in the new nation. Washington's farewell address warns against sectionalism and the dangers of party spirit.

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Major Events of Washington and Adams Presidencies: Governance and Political Divides

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  1. Essential Question • What were the major events of the Washington and Adams presidencies?

  2. Washington and Congress

  3. Task of Washington and the First Congress • To turn the Constitution into an effective government for the United States

  4. President’s Cabinet • Their task was to be advisors to the president

  5. Secretary of State • Thomas Jefferson

  6. Secretary of the Treasury • Alexander Hamilton

  7. Secretary of War • Henry Knox

  8. Attorney General • Edmund Randolph

  9. Bill of Rights • Written by James Madison • Ratified and put in effect in 1791

  10. Need for Money • The most important issue for the new government which began in 1789 was finding a source of revenue (money)

  11. Hamilton’s Plan • Create a national bank • Issue paper money • Encourage trade • Collect taxes

  12. Opposition to the National Bank • What did the Constitution say?

  13. Expressed Power? • Madison stated the power to create a national bank was not a power listed in the Constitution for Congress

  14. Implied Power? • Hamilton claimed Congress could create a national bank because of the necessary and proper clause found in the Constitution

  15. Bank of the United States • Legislation passed by Congress in 1791 • Signed by Washington • Given a 20-year charter

  16. Whiskey Rebellion • Tax on whiskey imposed • Complaints by western farmers • Threatened tax collectors

  17. Whiskey Rebellion • August 1794 • Washington sent 15,000 troops to PA to crush the Rebellion

  18. War Between France and England The U.S. tried to remain impartial

  19. Pinckney’s Treaty U.S. and Spain Spain allowed the U.S. to use the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans

  20. Washington Ends His Presidency Gave his farewell address Warned against sectionalism = dividing the country into North/South or East/West

  21. Quote – George Washington Let me now warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party . . . The disorders and miseries, which result, gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and repose in the absolute power of an individual.”

  22. First Political Parties • Federalists • Democratic-Republicans

  23. Federalists • Led by Hamilton • Favored a strong national government • Supported trade and businesses

  24. Democratic-Republicans • Led by Thomas Jefferson • Supported farmers (agrarianism) • Emphasized rights of states

  25. Election of 1796 Federalists – John Adams Republicans – Thomas Jefferson

  26. XYZ Affair France offered to accept bribes before negotiating with the United States

  27. Election of 1800 Jefferson (Republican) vs. Adams (Federalist) Problems with the electoral college voting Jefferson victory

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