初中阅读方法指导

初中阅读 方法指导常州市武进区湖塘实验中学严凤英

一、阅读理解

（一）阅读理解的定义 英语阅读理解是人们通过视觉器官对书面文字进行的一种学习迁移活动，它是人们大脑的一种积极思维活动。英语阅读理解是理解和吸收书面信息的能力，也是英语四会能力中最基本、最重要的能力之一。

（二）阅读理解中的不同文体 1、记叙文 2、议论文 3、应用文 4、科普文

记叙文 记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们的思想品质、性格特征等。

议论文 议论文是作者阐明对人或事的好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论。

应用文 应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。

科普文 科普文文章的总体特点是:科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。对这类文章的阅读要认真分析句子结构，尊重文章中阐明的事实，来获取有关信息。

（三）阅读理解能力测试的主要要求 1、掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节。 2、既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3、既理解字面意思，也理解深层意义，包括作者的态度、意图。 4、既理解某句、某段的意思，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能据此进行分析、判断以得出结论。 5、既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合材料以外的常识去推理、判断。 6、能根据材料结合上下文准确推断生词和短语的含义。

（四）阅读理解题的命题特点 和解题技巧阅读理解是中考英语考试的重要题型之一，它具有题材量大、题材广泛、体裁多样以及考查方式灵活、注重现实生活等特点。中考英语阅读理解题的考查类型主要可分为以下六类：

1、事实询问题

事实询问题 常见的提问方式有： 1. According to the passage who (what, why, when, where)...? 2. The story took place in ______. 3. In this passage, how many ( how much, how often, how long)...? 4. What does the writer say about...?

5. What does the writer think of...? 6. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? 7.All the following sentences are right except_______. 8.Which of the following is not a result of_______? 9.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.

(1) A Chinese culture festival will begin in March 2007 and run to January 2008. Russian people will see Peking Opera and Chinese porcelain (瓷器), silk and treasure for the Forbidden City(紫禁城). ( ) How long will the Chinese culture festival last? A. Eleven months. B. Three months. C. Eight months. D. Four days. __________ _____________________________ A

(2) Scientists have discovered the world’s funniest joke! Dr. Wiseman, from Oxford University in Britain, created a website with jokes on it. He then asked people to rate(定级)the jokes from 1 (not very funny) to 5 (very funny). People could also tell their own jokes. At the end of one year, Wiseman had two million ratings and 40,000 jokes from around the world.

(2) ( ) How did Dr. Wiseman find the funniest joke in the world? A. He asked different scientists for their ideas. B. He asked people to rate jokes on the website. C. He asked his students about their favourite jokes. D. He searched the Internet and chose it by himself.

(2) Scientists have discovered the world’s funniest joke! Dr. Wiseman, from Oxford University in Britain, created a website with jokes on it. He then asked people to rate(定级) the jokes from 1 (not very funny) to 5 (very funny). People could also tell their own jokes. At the end of one year, Wiseman had two million ratings and 40,000 jokes from around the world. ____________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(2) ( ) How did Dr. Wiseman find the funniest joke in the world? A. He asked different scientists for their ideas. B. He asked people to rate jokes on the website. C. He asked his students about their favourite jokes. D. He searched the Internet and chose it by himself. B

2、推理判断题

推理判断题 常见的提问方式有： 1.The main idea of this passage is ___. 2. The passage tells us _____. 3. We can infer(推断) from the passage that _____. 4. This passage mainly discusses ____. 5. The best topic for this passage is ___.

6.From the passage we know that ____. 7.Which of the following is the best title of the passage? 8.What can we learn from the passage? 9. This text is most probably taken from _____.

(1) Big ocean (海洋) fish have almost disappeared from the world since the start of business fishing in the 1950s. The scientists found that the number of large fish has dropped by 90 percent in the past fifty years. The study took ten years. The researchers collected records from fishing businesses and governments around the world. The magazine Nature published the findings. The scientists say the common way called longline fishing is especially harmful to large fish.

This way includes many fishing lines that are connected to one boat. If these lines are joined together, they can reach one hundred kilometers. They hold thousands of sharp metal hooks to catch fish. Longline fishing is especially common in the Japanese fishing industry. Records showed that Japanese boats used to catch about ten fish for every one hundred hooks. The study says longline fishing boats now might catch one fish per hundred hooks.

The scientists say business fishing can destroy groups of fish much faster than in the past. The study suggests that large fish can disappear almost completely from new fishing areas within ten to fifteen years. Ocean life systems could be destroyed. It’s not the only worry that the number of large fish is becoming smaller and smaller. What’s worse, they are smaller in size than their ancestors（祖先）.

C ( ) 1. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A story book. B. A fashion magazine. C. An environmental report. D. A sports newspaper. ( ) 2. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Longline Fishing. B. Japanese Fishing Industry. C. Modem Fishing Ways. D. Worrying Situation of Big Ocean Fish. D

(2) In an American classroom, a Chinese girl was asked to answer a question. She stood up and smiled, without making any sound. The American teacher looked at himself and didn’t see anything funny. So he asked her the question again. The girl just smiled but said nothing. The teacher was angry. He didn’t know that the girl smiled to cover her embarrassment（尴尬）because she wasn’t able to answer the question.

In a dining room in Beijing, an Englishman was careless and dropped a plate. The Chinese who had seen this began to laugh. The Englishman felt uncomfortable and even got angry. “They are laughing at me.”he thought. In fact, the Chinese laughed not at the Englishman or his bad luck—whether he is a foreigner or a Chinese. The laughter has several feelings: don’t take it so seriously. Laugh it off, it’s nothing. Such things can happen to any of us, etc.

( ) What does the writer want to tell us? A. Smiles and laughter don’t mean the same thing to different people. B.Smiles and laughter always bring happiness. C. American people are easy to get angry. D. Chinese students are impolite.

(2) In an American classroom, a Chinese girl was asked to answer a question. She stood up and smiled, without making any sound. The American teacher looked at himself and didn’t see anything funny. So he asked her the question again. The girl just smiled but said nothing. The teacher was angry. He didn’t know that the girl smiled to cover her embarrassment (尴尬) because she wasn’t able to answer the question. ______________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

In a dining room in Beijing, an Englishman was careless and dropped a plate. The Chinese who had seen this began to laugh. The Englishman felt uncomfortable and even got angry. “They are laughing at me.”he thought. In fact, the Chinese laughed not at the Englishman or his bad luck- whether he is a foreigner or a Chinese. The laughter has several feelings: Don’t take it so seriously. Laugh it off, it’s nothing. Such things can happen to any of us, etc. _______ ________________________________ ________________________________ __________________________ The laughter has several feelings. Don’t take it so seriously. Laugh it off, it’s nothing. Such things can happen to any of us, etc.

( ) What does the writer want to tell us? A. Smiles and laughter don’t mean the same thing to different people. B.Smiles and laughter always bring happiness. C. American people are easy to get angry. D. Chinese students are impolite. A

3、数据推算题

(1) This is the number of people that the biggest Airbus A380 plane can hold. The plane has two floors. An average (平均的) Airbus A380 holds 555 people. The biggest airplane in the world flew to the US for the first time last week. It went to New York and Los Angeles (洛杉矶). ( ) Usually, an Airbus A380 can hold _______ people. A. 935 B. 555 C. around 935 D. about 555 _______________ _______________________ D

(2) Over the past ten years, Mr Chen has devoted most of his time to making mini violins. By 2002, he had made a 3.35 cm-long violin, one-tenth of a common violin. It was a big success although it was 1.35 cm longer than the one in the Guinness record. ( ) A common violin is ____ cm long. A. 20 B. 13.5 C. 33.5 D. 25.5 _______________ _______________________________________________ C

4、识图解意题

This is a chart of a car’s fuel consumption during a certain day. ( ) 1. The driver bought petrol at ___________. A. 8 a.m. B. 9 a.m. C. 4 p.m. D. 6 p.m. ( ) 2. Throughout the day the car used ____________. A. 45 litres of petrol B. 40 litres of petrol C. 35 litres of petrol D. 10 litres of petrol

This is a chart of a car’s fuel consumption during a certain day. B ( ) 1. The driver bought petrol at ___________. A. 8 a.m. B. 9 a.m. C. 4 p.m. D. 6 p.m. ( ) 2. Throughout the day the car used ____________. A. 45 litres of petrol B. 40 litres of petrol C. 35 litres of petrol D. 10 litres of petrol B

The price of Rice Change during the year ( )1. Which seasons were good times to sell rice? A. Winter and spring B. Spring and summer C. Summer and fall D. Fall and winter ( )2. How much will you make if you buy 1,000 kg of rice in January and sell it in April? A. $ 400 B. $ 300 C. $450 D. $ 200

The price of Rice Change during the year B ( )1. Which seasons were good times to sell rice? A. Winter and spring B. Spring and summer C. Summer and fall D. Fall and winter ( )2. How much will you make if you buy 1,000 kg of rice in January and sell it in April? A. $ 400 B. $ 200 C. $450 D. $ 300 D

5、主旨大意题 1）主题问题 2）标题问题

Different countries have different customs in giving presents. In China you must never give a clock to a Chinese person, because the sound of the word for “clock”……

In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.

主题问题（1） People have lived in various regions of the Arctic(北极) for thousands of years. Human life existed in Western Siberian 40,000 years ago and in Alaska 15,000 years ago. Researchers believe that Greenland and the Canadian Arctic were first settled 4,000 years ago. ( ) The passage mainly tells us_____. A. Who lives in the Arctic B. What Arctic is C. How long people have lived in Arctic D. What conditions are like in Arctic ________ ______ ____ _____ C

主题问题（2） Most animals need protection from heat and cold. Some have hair that keeps them warm in winter. Animals that live in hot places have different hair. Their hair keeps them cool in summer. Animals that spend much of their time in cold water have a lot of fat. This fat helps keep them from getting too cold.

( ) The passage tells us ______. A. some animals stay in cold water to keep them from getting too hot B. fat animals are not afraid of living in cold places C. hair is no use to some animals D. hair can protect animals from heat and cold

主题问题（2） Most animals need protection from heat and cold. Some have hair that keeps them warm in winter. Animals that live in hot places have different hair. Their hair keeps them cool in summer. Animals that spend much of their time in cold water have a lot of fat. This fat helps keep them from getting too cold. Most animals need protection from heat and cold. _____________ ____________________________ ___________________ _______________

( ) The passage tells us ______. A. some animals stay in cold water to keep them from getting too hot B. fat animals are not afraid of living in cold places C. hair is no use to some animals D. hair can protect animals from heat and cold D

5、主旨大意题 1）主题问题 2）标题问题

标题问题（1） Christmas comes in December. In many places, the white snow covers the ground on Christmas Day. This is what White Christmas means. American songwriter Irving Berlin described the feelings in his song – White Christmas. It is one of the most popular Christmas songs of all time. Hundreds of signers and musicians have recorded White Christmas to express an idea of peace and happiness that anyone, anywhere – snowy or not – can enjoy.

初中阅读 方法指导