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Modelling of and Simulation with Grid Code validated Wind Turbine Models

Modelling of and Simulation with Grid Code validated Wind Turbine Models. Frank Martin, Tobias Gehlhaar, Ilir Purellku Germanischer Lloyd Competence CentreRenewables Certification 2009-03-18. Contents. Introduction. Requirements for Wind Turbine Modelling. Modelling and Simulation.

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Modelling of and Simulation with Grid Code validated Wind Turbine Models

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  1. Modelling of and Simulation with Grid Code validated Wind Turbine Models Frank Martin, Tobias Gehlhaar, Ilir PurellkuGermanischer Lloyd Competence CentreRenewables Certification 2009-03-18

  2. Contents Introduction Requirements for Wind Turbine Modelling Modelling and Simulation Test and Validation Summary and Conclusion EWEC 2009 No. 2

  3. Introduction (1) • More and more Grid Codes call for validated simulation models • After revision of German “EEG” in 2009 Type- and Project- Certificates including modelling are obligatory • Results by means of Simulations are prefered EWEC 2009 No. 3

  4. Introduction (2) • Some modelling and validation guidelines worldwide available • Examples are: PVVC TR4 (draft) WECC NEMMCO • Validation of WT models is the challenge EWEC 2009

  5. Contents Introduction Requirements for Wind Turbine Modelling Modelling and Simulation Test and Validation Summary and Conclusion EWEC 2009 2009-03-18 No. 5 No. 5

  6. Requirements for WT Modelling • German – MV guideline requires WT modelling • WT Model necessary for analysis of dynamic Grid behaviour • Minimum simulation of: 3-phase and 2-phase faults Reactive power generation under normal conditions and during voltage dips Power output and power recovery EWEC 2009 No. 6

  7. Contents Introduction Requirements for Wind Turbine Modelling Modelling and Simulation Test and Validation Summary and Conclusion EWEC 2009 2009-03-18 No. 7 No. 7

  8. General Turbine Modelling (1) • WT modelling focussed on grid code requirements • WT modelling – important details e.g.: Aerodynamic model in detail (Cp curve) Minimum two-mass mechanical model Response in V, P, Q modelled in detail LVRT relevant functions modelled in detail (crow-bar, chopper) • No internal details like switching of IGBT EWEC 2009 2009-03-18 No. 8

  9. General Grid Modelling (2) • Grid model includs: External grid with parameters determined by measurements (Un, Z= R + jX) Equivalent electrical grid at Wind Farm (test grid or real grid) Simplified model of the voltage dip test unit • All relevant parameters should be determined by measurements EWEC 2009 2009-03-18 No. 9

  10. Simulation (1) • Initialization of WT model through load flow calculation If P = Prated -> initalize at wind speed > vrated • Test and evaluation of control strategies by means of simulations with various input signals pitch angle trigger signal EWEC 2009 2009-03-18 No. 10

  11. Simulation (2) • Simulation of external grid with voltage dip unit • Simulation for validation performed with instantaneous values • Simulation of specified faults (LVRT): three phase two phase one phase • Simulation of relevant grid code requirements: Setpoint settings for P output limitation EWEC 2009 2009-03-18 No. 11

  12. Contents Introduction Requirements for Wind Turbine Modelling Modelling and Simulation Test and Validation Summary and Conclusion EWEC 2009 2009-03-18 No. 12 No. 12

  13. Test and Validation (1) • Our experience - three possible strategies depending on manufacturers information: 1. Low input level (only measurements and black box model) 2. Medium input level (measurements and white box model 3. High input level (measurements of electrical- and control signals and white box model) EWEC 2009 2009-03-18 No. 13

  14. Test and Validation (2) • Development of Validation-Routines independent of Simulation-Tool (more compatibility) • MATLAB/SIMULINK – GUI based Validation-Tool • Comprised: Import of various data formats (ASCII, CSV, TXT, MAT) • Processing and evaluation of signals • Automatic- and manual validation according to Validation-Routines EWEC 2009 No. 14

  15. Test and Validation (3) • MATLAB/SIMULINK – GUI based Validation-Tool Parameter Tool Data Import Tool Validation Tool EWEC 2009 2009-03-18 No. 15 No. 15

  16. Test and Validation (4) Idea: Step Response of a Second Order System for analysis • applicable for all • signals types • tr – Rise time • ts – Settling time • Mp – Peak overshoot • e(t) – Steady state error • – Tolerance bandwidth EWEC 2009 No. 16

  17. Test and Validation (5) • Evaluation of controller signals • Validation of electrical signals with calculated parameters • Validation focussed on Grid Code requirements e.g.: In general the capability to ride through voltage dips The capability of reactive current generation Ib Power recovery after fault clearance Special requirements (e.g. zones A, B, C during LVRT) EWEC 2009 No. 17

  18. Contents Introduction Requirements for Wind Turbine Modelling Modelling and Simulation Test and Validation Summary and Conclusion EWEC 2009 2009-03-18 No. 18 No. 18

  19. Summary and Conclusions (1) • For an efficient way to create WT models the requirements shall be well definded (which type of WT, which faults) • Test of control strategies for pitch, torque and converter mode is necessary • First verification with controller signals is advantageous for an effective validation process • Secondly with measured signals EWEC 2009 No. 19

  20. Summary and Conclusions (2) • The approach of a general difference (x %) between measured values and simulated values is not useful • Validation shall be a process with different test methodologies • Validated WT models are necessary for correct wind farm modelling • All WT models for grid simulations should be validated, in a standardized way EWEC 2009 No. 20

  21. Thank you for yourattention! Frank.Martin@gl-group.com Tobias.Gehlhaar@gl-group.com Ilir.Purellku@gl-group.com EWEC 2009 No. 21

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