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Thought for the Day

Anatomy

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Thought for the Day

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    1. Thought for the Day "The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy. Martin Luther King Jr.

    2. Anatomy & Physiology Bio 2401 Lecture Instructor: Daryl Beatty Lecture 2 Plasma Membrane Membrane Transport

    3. Review: What is Anatomy? Structure of the bodyStructure of the body

    4. Review: What is Anatomy? What is Physiology? Function of the bodyFunction of the body

    5. Review: What is Anatomy? What is Physiology? Principle of complementarity? Structure dictates function.Structure dictates function.

    6. Review: What is Anatomy? What is Physiology? Principle of complementarity? What are the levels of structural organization? Chemical, cellular, tissue, (what are 4 tissue types?), organ, organ system, and organismalChemical, cellular, tissue, (what are 4 tissue types?), organ, organ system, and organismal

    7. Review: What is Anatomy? What is Physiology? Principle of complementarity? What are the levels of structural organization? What are the 11 organ systems? Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive (What organs are involved in each? What are the functions of each system?Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive (What organs are involved in each?What are the functions of each system?

    8. Review: What is Anatomy? What is Physiology? Principle of complementarity? What are the levels of structural organization? What are the 11 organ systems? What are the necessary life functions? Maintaining Boundaries, Movement, Responsiveness, Digestion, Metabolism, (anabolism & Catabolism), Excretion, reproduction, Growth.Maintaining Boundaries, Movement, Responsiveness, Digestion, Metabolism, (anabolism & Catabolism), Excretion, reproduction, Growth.

    9. Review: What is Anatomy? What is Physiology? Principle of complementarity? What are the levels of structural organization? What are the 11 organ systems? What are the necessary life functions? What are the survival needs? Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Body temperature, Atmospheric Pressure .(and a shopping mall).Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Body temperature, Atmospheric Pressure .(and a shopping mall).

    10. Review: What is this? Examples? Control variable homeostatic mechanism Examples: Blood pressure, blood glucose, body temperature, respiration rate.Control variable homeostatic mechanism Examples: Blood pressure, blood glucose, body temperature, respiration rate.

    11. What NOT to Study (Yet) Leave page 13-19, (Directional terms and body cavities) for lab.

    12. Today: And now for something entirely different Monty Python

    13. Introduction: Topics for Today Plasma Membrane Model Lipid Bilayer construction and components Proteins and Transport Mechanisms Membrane Transport Concentration, concentration gradients, Equilibrium Passive Processes Diffusion, Osmosis, Filtration

    14. Basic Cell Structure (Pg 65) Cell Theory Summarized as: Basic structural and functional unit of life Activity of the organism is a sum of the activities of the cells. Structure & Function The biochemical activities are dictated by the number of their cellular structures & organelles Definition (65 left) Basic Structural & Functional unit of life Stop & Explain theseDefinition (65 left) Basic Structural & Functional unit of life Stop & Explain these

    15. Cell Structure (Pg 65) Types of cells Relate structure to function (pg 65) Why is each uniquely suited to its function? Composition of cells Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen Calcium & Phosphorus Traces of many others Muscle, fat, nerve cell, sperm, Why? Fibroblasts connective tissue cells, Muscle, fat, nerve cell, sperm, Why? Fibroblasts connective tissue cells,

    16. Cell Structure (Pg 66) Major Components of the Human Cell Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Muscle, fat, nerve cell, sperm, Why? Fibroblasts connective tissue cells, Muscle, fat, nerve cell, sperm, Why? Fibroblasts connective tissue cells,

    18. Cell Structure (Pg 66) Nucleus Nucleolus Genetic material (Chromosomes) Chromatin Muscle, fat, nerve cell, sperm, Why? Fibroblasts connective tissue cells, Muscle, fat, nerve cell, sperm, Why? Fibroblasts connective tissue cells,

    19. Cell Structure (Pg 66) Cytoplasm Material between plasma membrane and the nucleus Cytoplasmic organelles metabolic machinery of the cell Cytoplasm itself is Cytosol - largely water with dissolved protein, salts, sugars, and other solutes Inclusions chemical substances such as glycosomes, glycogen granules, and pigment

    20. Cytoplasmic Organelles Specialized cellular compartments Membranous Mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus Nonmembranous Cytoskeleton, centrioles, and ribosomes

    21. Mitochondria Double membrane structure with shelf-like cristae Provide most of the cells ATP via aerobic cellular respiration Contain their own DNA and RNA

    22. Ribosomes Granules containing protein and rRNA Site of protein synthesis Free ribosomes synthesize soluble proteins Membrane-bound ribosomes synthesize proteins to be incorporated into membranes

    23. Endoplasmic Reticulum Interconnected tubes and parallel membranes enclosing cisternae Continuous with the nuclear membrane Two varieties rough ER and smooth ER

    24. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum External surface studded with ribosomes Manufactures all secreted proteins Responsible for the synthesis of integral membrane proteins and phospholipids for cell membranes

    25. Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis On Rough Endo-plasmic Reticulum

    26. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Tubules arranged in a looping network Catalyzes the following reactions in various organs of the body In the liver lipid and cholesterol metabolism, breakdown of glycogen and, along with the kidneys, detoxification of drugs In the testes synthesis of steroid-based hormones

    27. Cell Structure (Pg 66) Nucleus Cytoplasm Plasma Membrane

    28. Plasma Membrane Separates intracellular fluids from extracellular fluids Plays a dynamic role in cellular activity Glycocalyx is a glycoprotein area abutting the cell that provides highly specific biological markers by which cells recognize one another (Immune response cancer cells mutate to hide)

    29. Fluid Mosaic Model Double bilayer of lipids with imbedded, dispersed proteins Bilayer consists of phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids Glycolipids are lipids with bound carbohydrate Phospholipids have hydrophobic and hydrophilic bipoles (See: Membrane structure page 67)

    30. Expanded View Fluid Mosaic Cell Membrane

    31. Membrane Proteins - Functions Transport K+ Pump (Video Clip) Enzymatic Activity Receptors for Signal Transduction (See diagram- page 68)

    32. Membrane Junctions Tight junction impermeable junction that encircles the cell Desmosome anchoring junction scattered along the sides of cells Gap junction a nexus that allows chemical substances to pass between cells

    33. Membrane Junctions: Tight Junction

    34. Membrane Junctions: Desmosome

    35. Membrane Junctions: Gap Junction

    36. Passive Membrane Transport: Diffusion Simple diffusion nonpolar and lipid-soluble substances Diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer Diffuse through channel proteins Examples: Oxygen, CO2, Fat Soluble Vitamins

    37. Passive Membrane Transport: Diffusion Facilitated diffusion Transport of glucose, amino acids, and ions Transported substances bind carrier proteins or pass through protein channels No ATP energy consumption Energy conserving

    38. Carrier Proteins Are integral transmembrane proteins Show specificity for certain polar molecules including sugars and amino acids

    39. Diffusion Through the Plasma Membrane

    40. Passive Membrane Transport: Osmosis Occurs when the concentration of a solvent is different on opposite sides of a membrane Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane Osmolarity total concentration of solute particles in a solution (0.3 osmol/L NaCl is isotonic) (Same as 0.9% Saline or 5% Glucose) Tonicity how a solution affects cell volume

    41. Effect of Membrane Permeability on Diffusion and Osmosis

    42. Effect of Membrane Permeability on Diffusion and Osmosis Membrane Transport Passive Processes Diffusion Osmosis Filtration

    43. Passive Membrane Transport: Filtration The passage of water and solutes through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure Pressure gradient pushes solute-containing fluid from a higher-pressure area to a lower-pressure area Where does this occur? Out of the capillaries

    44. Effects of Solutions of Varying Tonicity Isotonic solutions with the same solute concentration as that of the cytosol Hypertonic solutions having greater solute concentration than that of the cytosol Hypotonic solutions having lesser solute concentration than that of the cytosol What if??

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