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Anita Sego Spring, 2005

Anita Sego Spring, 2005. Chapter Objectives. Explain the concept of diversity as it describes the American people. Explain the impact of a more diverse population in the United States as it relates to community health efforts.

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Anita Sego Spring, 2005

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  1. Anita Sego Spring, 2005

  2. Chapter Objectives • Explain the concept of diversity as it describes the American people. • Explain the impact of a more diverse population in the United States as it relates to community health efforts. • Explain the importance of the 1985 landmark report, The Secretary’s Task Force on Black and Minority Health.

  3. Chapter Objectives • List the racial and ethnic categories currently used by the U.S. Government in statistical activities and programs administration reporting. • List some limitations related to collecting racial and ethnic health data. • Identify some of the sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics of minority groups in the United States.

  4. Chapter Objectives • List some of the beliefs and values of minority groups in the United States. • List and describe the six priority areas of the Race and Health Initiative. • Define socioeconomic gradient and provide an example as it relates to minority health.

  5. Chapter Objectives • Define cultural sensitivity and cultural competence and define the importance of each related to minority community health. • Identify the three kinds of power associated with empowerment and explain the importance of each related to minority community health.

  6. Overview of Diversity • The strength and greatness of America lies in the diversity of its people • President’s Initiative on Race • majority • minorities

  7. Documents • The Secretary’s Task Force Report on Black and Minority Health • Health People 2000 • Initiative to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Health • prevent disease • promote health • delivering care to racial and ethnic minority communities

  8. Racial and Ethnic Classifications • U. S Office of Management and Budget • operationalize race and ethnicity • Five categories

  9. Health data sources and their limitations • Gaps in the information system • bias analysis • self-reported data • reliability

  10. Black Americans • Socioeconomic Characteristics • education • lowest median income • Vital Statistics • 34.5 million 12.3% of population

  11. Black Americans • Major community health problems • Infant mortality • Sickle cell disease • HIV/AIDS • Violent Deaths

  12. Americans of Hispanic Origin • Vital Statistics • 35.3 million 12.5% of population • education • income • Religious beliefs

  13. Asian/Pacific Islanders • Vital Statistics • 11.9 million 4.2% of the population • fastest growing ethnic population in the US • high school completion and income is highest among the ethnic groups • Consists of two distinct groups

  14. Native Americans • Demographic Characteristics • 2.5 million nearly 1% of the population • Vital Statistics • economic disadvantaged • poor health status • poverty rate of 25.9% • low high school completion rate

  15. Native Americans • Health care - Indian Health Service • Established in 1954; 1st Federal Agency to address health • Alcohol abuse #1 health problem • Intentional & Unintentional injuries

  16. U.S. Population 2000

  17. U.S. Population 2050 projected

  18. Median household income 1999

  19. Poverty rates 1999

  20. Refugees: New Immigrants • Refugees • Immigrants • Aliens • Illegal aliens • Special Concerns • poor • lower levels of education • few work skills • serious health problems

  21. Race and Health Initiative • Infant mortality • Cancer screen • Cardiovascular disease • Diabetes • HIV/AIDS • Adult & child immunization

  22. Socioeconomic Status & Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health • Indirect causal associations • level of education • level of income • poverty • Group living circumstances

  23. Community Health Strategies for Achieving Equity in Minority Health • Cultural Competence • A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency, or among professionals that enables effective work in cross cultural situations. • Empowering the Self and the Community • social power • political power • psychological power

  24. Health practices - Smoking - Alcohol - Nutrition Race & Health Biological Cultural Psychosocial stress - Smoking - Alcohol - Nutrition Socioeconomic Environmental stress - Residential - Occupational Biological processes Race Racism Political Health outcomes Psychosocial resources - Social ties - Perceptions of control - Coping patterns Historical Medical care - Need - Access - Quality Legal

  25. Chapter 10 Community Health and Minorities

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