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Steam Turbine Fundamentals and Design: Key Element in Power Generation

Learn about the evolution of steam turbines, energy transfer, turbine types, components, design basics, and materials used in construction. Discover the principles of impulse and reaction turbines, velocity compounding, and turbine configurations. Get insights into the role of steam turbines in power plants and their impact on electricity generation.

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Steam Turbine Fundamentals and Design: Key Element in Power Generation

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  1. Engineering Technology Division Power Plant Construction and QA/QC Section 3.1 & 2 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals and Design

  2. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Overview • Hero Reaction Turbine – 120 B.C. • First Practical Turbine – 1884, C. Parsons • First Power Plant – 7.5 kw – 1890 • Reaction, Impulse and Velocity-Compounded • Reheat Steam – 1930’s • Last 100 years Turbine is the key element in generating electricity • Turbines run Generators, Pumps, Fans, etc. • Today up to 1,500 MW

  3. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Overview

  4. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Fundamentals Energy Transfer Coal, Natural Gas, Nuclear, Biofuel, Waste Fuel

  5. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Reaction Turbines Newton’s third law of motion – For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Narrowing Steam Path Narrowing Steam Path

  6. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Impulse Turbines Steam / Gas Flow Fixed Vanes Moving Blades

  7. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Reaction – Impulse Comparison

  8. Inlet Pressure Inlet Velocity Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Velocity-Compounded Turbine Velocity compounding is a form of staging which by dividing the work load over several stages results in improved efficiency and a smaller diameter for the blade wheels due to a reduction in Ideal blade speed per stage. 1 P = V

  9. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Turbine Components - Blades Impulse Reaction

  10. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Turbine Diaphragms Diaphragms contain the fixed blades

  11. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Steam Turbine Casing

  12. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Turbine Rotor

  13. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Turbine Shaft and Casing Seals

  14. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Turbine Types Straight HP Tandem HP Tandem LP

  15. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Turbine – Multiple Sets

  16. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Questions?

  17. Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design Overview • Classification by; • Type – Reaction or Impulse • Steam Temperature and Pressure • Configuration – Compound, Tandem Compound, Cross Compound • Reheat • Output – MW • Structural Elements

  18. Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design Turbine Design - Basics

  19. Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design Materials • Blades • Stainless Steel – 403 & 422 (+Cr) • 17-4 PH steel (+ Ti) • Super Alloys • Rotor • High “Chrome – Moley” Steel – Cr-Mo-V • Low “Ni Chrome Steel – Ni-Cr-Mo-V

  20. Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design Questions?

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