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Introduction to Acids & Bases

Acids & Bases. Introduction to Acids & Bases. electrolytes  electrolytes. A. Properties. ACIDS. BASES. bitter taste. sour taste. turn litmus red. turn litmus blue. react with metals to form H 2 gas. slippery feel. vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits.

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Introduction to Acids & Bases

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  1. Acids & Bases Introduction toAcids & Bases

  2. electrolytes electrolytes A. Properties ACIDS BASES • bitter taste • sour taste • turn litmus red • turn litmus blue • react with metals to form H2 gas • slippery feel • vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits • ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda ChemASAP

  3. H H – + O O Cl Cl H H H H B. Definitions • Arrhenius - In aqueous solution… • Acidsform hydronium ions (H3O+) HCl+ H2O  H3O+ + Cl– acid

  4. H H – + N O O N H H H H H H H H B. Definitions • Arrhenius - In aqueous solution… • Bases form hydroxide ions (OH-) NH3+ H2O  NH4+ + OH- base

  5. conjugate base conjugate acid B. Definitions • Brønsted-Lowry • Acidsare proton (H+) donors. • Bases are proton (H+) acceptors. HCl + OH- Cl– + H2O acid base

  6. B. Definitions H2O + HNO3 H3O+ + NO3– B A CA CB

  7. B. Definitions Water is: • Amphoteric - can be an acid or a base. H2O + OH- H2O H3O+ + 

  8. B. Definitions NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- B A CA CB

  9. F - H2PO4- H2O HF H3PO4 H3O+ B. Definitions • Give the conjugate base for each of the following: • Polyprotic - an acid with more than one H+

  10. Br - HSO4- CO32- HBr H2SO4 HCO3- B. Definitions • Give the conjugate acid for each of the following:

  11. B. Definitions • Lewis • Acidsare electron pair acceptors. • Bases are electron pair donors. Lewis base Lewis acid

  12. - + C. Strength • Strong Acid/Base • 100% ionized in water • strong electrolyte HCl HNO3 H2SO4 HBr HI HClO4 NaOH KOH Ca(OH)2 Ba(OH)2

  13. - + C. Strength • Weak Acid/Base • does not ionize completely • weak electrolyte HF CH3COOH H3PO4 H2CO3 HCN NH3

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