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Anaphylactic reactions

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Anaphylactic reactions

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    3. Anaphylactic reactions Anaphylactic reactions are the immediate type of hypersensitivity that result from interaction of antigens with specific antibodies bound to mast cells and basophils. They involve the release of vasoactive bronchoconstrictive substances such as:Histamine, Leukotrienes, Chemotactic factors.

    4. Recognition - First observed signs Difficulty inflating lungs Flushing Coughing Rash Desaturation No pulse/ fall in BP Cyanosis Others (ECG changes, swelling, urticaria)

    5. Patient symptoms Vomiting Cramping tummy pains A tingling feeling in the lips or mouth Faintness with a nettlerash or swelling coming on quickly is probably anaphylaxis, and if there is also difficulty in breathing the danger is greater. Faintness with difficulty in breathing alone will sometimes be due to a panic attack, but can also be due to anaphylaxis.

    6. Recognition Examination of the skin may show hives and swelling of the eyes or face. The skin may be blue from lack of oxygen or may be pale from shock. Angioedema in the throat may be severe enough to block the airway.

    7. Primary management Stop drug Maintain the venous access 100% O2 and maintain airway Get help Lay patient flat with legs elevated

    8. Whats in the box?

    9. Did you check the box?

    10. Can you read this?

    11. Chlorphenamine Antihistamine 10mg in 1ml

    12. Adrenaline / Epinephrine 1mg in 1 ml

    13. Hydrocortisone Anti inflammatory 100mg in 1 ml when reconstituted

    14. Water for Injection

    15. What's not in the box? You will need at least 1 x 5ml syringe 2 x 1ml syringe 3 Pink straight needles Saline for flushing

    16. Mixing the Hydrocortisone Use a 5 ml syringe Open 1 2ml ampoule of water for injection Use a long enough needle to draw up the whole ampoule Remove yellow cap from cortisone ampoul Hold the syringe upright and insert through cortisone ampoule bung Withdraw 2 mls of air Invert ampoule and syringe and inject water into ampoul Without removing needle mix well Draw up mixed fluid into syringe

    17. Now replace the box immediately from pharmacy

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