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S.Lodoysamba C.Pemberton-Pigott

MITIGATION OF ULAANBAATAR CITY’S AIR POLLUTION – FROM SOURCE APPORTIONMENT TO ULTRA-LOW EMISSION LIGNITE BURNING STOVES. Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011. S.Lodoysamba C.Pemberton-Pigott. MONGOLIA. Climate.

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S.Lodoysamba C.Pemberton-Pigott

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  1. MITIGATION OF ULAANBAATAR CITY’S AIR POLLUTION – FROM SOURCE APPORTIONMENT TO ULTRA-LOW EMISSION LIGNITE BURNING STOVES Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011. S.Lodoysamba C.Pemberton-Pigott

  2. MONGOLIA

  3. Climate Mongolia has an extreme continental climate with long, cold winters lasting 7 to 8 months. Monthly average temperatures are typically -20°C in January and February, dropping to -40°C at night. The urgent need for space heating in traditional gers (yurts) results in very high ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations, largely the result of burning high moisture, high volatiles lignite in a sheet-metal wood-burning stove.

  4. Projects • RCA/ IAEA PROJECT IMPROVED INFORMATION ABOUT URBAN AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT,RAS/7/013, 2004-2007 • CHARACTERIZATION AND SOURCE IDENTIFICATION OF PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION IN THE ASIA REGION RAS/7/015, 2007-2010 • АГААРЫН ЧАНАР БА БОХИРДОЛЫНЗӨӨГДЛИЙГ СУДЛАХШинжлэх ухаан, технологийн сэдэв, 2006-2008 • АГААРЫН БОХИРДЛЫН ҮҮСГҮҮР, ТЭДНИЙ БОХИРДОЛД ОРУУЛЖ БУЙ ХУВИЙГ РМ2,5, РМ10 АРГААР ТОДОРХОЙЛОХ СУДАЛГААШинжлэх ухаан, технологийн сэдэв, 2009-2011 • ADB ULAANBAATAR CLEAN AIR PROJECT PATA 43177 2010-2011 3 ESTABLISHMENT OF AN AIR QUALITY MONITORINGAND HEALTH IMPACT BASELINE (AMHIB) FROM AIR POLLUTION IN ULAANBAATAR (UB) CITY, MONGOLIA.World Bank Contract 7146873, 2008-2009 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  5. Used samplers 4 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  6. Sampling Sites 5 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  7. PM10, PM2.5 Concentrations PM2.5 PM10 6 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  8. PM 10 Concentration 7 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  9. PM 10 Concentration Time Series 8 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  10. PM 2.5 Concentration 9 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  11. PM 2.5 Concentration Time Series 10 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  12. Monthly Average Concentrations • PM10 • PM2.5 11 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  13. Monthly Average Concentrations • Average Concentration Calculated • Average Concentration Measured 12 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  14. Monthly Average Concentrations 350-900 13 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  15. Ulaanbaatar in January 14 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  16. Chemical Analysis Set-up Experimental setup of the New Zealand Institute of Geosciences and Nuclear Sciences 15 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  17. Elemental Concentrations (ng/m3) 16 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  18. Mass Contribution PM2.5 (Example NRC) 17 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  19. Pollution Source Apportionment 18 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  20. Pollution Source Apportionment PM10 19 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  21. Daily time Series of PM concentrations(Example TV site, GTZ station) Working days Weekend 20 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  22. Toxic Elements 21 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  23. Time Series of Toxic Elements 22 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  24. Air Quality Index Ger Area UB Center UB 23 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  25. Conclusion 1 24 • Main pollution sources are: • PM10- Soil erosion, Combustion, Motor vehichle, Biomass burning, • PM2.5- Coal combustion, Motor Vehicle+Road dust, Biomass burning, Soil • Ulaanbaatar is most polluted capital city of the world; • @ 50% of PM concentrations corresponds to ignition phase (cold start) and reloading of stoves; • There is presence of toxic elements: Hg, Ni, V, F, Cl, Br, As in the air; • Pb in the air is below the standard; • AQI is 82 (Moderate) in the Central area and more than 200(Very unhealthy) in the Ger areas; Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  26. STOVE EMISSION AND EFFICIENCY TESTING LABORATORY 25 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  27. SEET Lab. Diagram 26 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  28. MONGOL STOVE 27 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  29. STOVE EMISSION AND EFFICIENCY TESTING LABORATORY 28 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  30. MODIFIED MONGOL STOVE 29 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  31. GTZ-7.5 STOVE 30 Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  32. GTZ-7.5 STOVE

  33. Conclusion 2 32 • PM Emission can be reduced more than 99% using raw coal, • The PM emissions are so low that for much of the time the improved stove substantially cleans the ambient air that passes through it. Domestic Use of Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 April 2011.

  34. Thank You for Your Attention!

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