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Observational Tools

Observational Tools. Dr. Ayers HPER 448 Western Michigan University. Types. Intuitive Observation Anecdotal Records Rating Scales Event Recording Duration Recording Time Sampling Analytical Tools. Intuitive Observation. Is not systematic

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Observational Tools

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  1. Observational Tools Dr. Ayers HPER 448 Western Michigan University

  2. Types Intuitive Observation Anecdotal Records Rating Scales Event Recording Duration Recording Time Sampling Analytical Tools

  3. Intuitive Observation • Is not systematic • Does not identify any specific aspect of instruction • Observer draws conclusions w/o collecting info • Eyeballing

  4. Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Does not require training Can isolate glaring problems Is informal Weaknesses Unreliable Conclusions not based on recorded info Limited to observer’s experience

  5. Anecdotal Records • Actual description of events • Teacher actions • Student actions • Relationship between t-s actions • Narrative record of instructional setting

  6. Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Observation based on real events Useful detail Weaknesses Observer’s capacity to capture detail Requires a great deal of info Must be analyzed in great detail Requires observer training

  7. Rating Scales • Specific variables are defined • Behaviors are quantified based on numeric scale • Quality of variable is recorded

  8. Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Useful for qualitative analysis Can increase observer reliability Weaknesses Usually abused and over-used Variables are not always well defined Need to attach criteria to each rating level

  9. Event Recording • Records the presence or absence of an event • Assesses the frequency of a defined behavior in an instructional setting

  10. Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Systematic, valid and reliable Effective qualitative data can be gathered Weaknesses Requires training Capacity of the observer to distinguish between behaviors as they occur transiently

  11. Duration Recording • Keeps track of when an event starts and ends • Records the amount of time that a teacher or group of students engage in a defined behavior

  12. Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Little effort or training required Useful for events that occur over long periods of time Weaknesses Capacity of the observer to distinguish among behaviors as these occur in instructional setting Capacity to record overall performance

  13. Time Sampling • Observer records what is happening during specific time period • Spot checks for specific behaviors • Plachecks- Planned Activity Checks

  14. Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Enables observer to collect useful info in short period of time Can be used in conjunction with other tools Weaknesses Can only be used for behaviors that do not change quickly Observer’s capacity to distinguish among behaviors

  15. Analytical Tools: ALT-PE • Measures that portion of the lesson that students are engaged in motor activity successfully • Assesses the physical activity specified in lesson plan objectives

  16. ALT-PE Observation System HOW DO TEACHERS SPEND THEIR TIME DURING A CLASS SESSION? HOW DO STUDENTS SPEND THEIR TIME DURING A CLASS SESSION?

  17. Motor Appropriate Motor Inappropriate Motor Supportive Non-Motor Engaged Interim Waiting Off-task On-task Cognitive Student Variables

  18. Student Variables-2 Management Organization Management Conduct Activity Instruction Off-task

  19. Teacher Variables Instruction Management Observation Feedback

  20. Teacher Movement Travel Pattern Instructional Set up Instructional Transitions Observation Patterns General Specific Other Instructional Variables

  21. ALT-PE Observation Techniques Interval Recording Group Time sampling Duration Recording

  22. Reliability Extent to which two observers agree (Agreements /Agreements + Disagreements) / 100= Percent agreement 80% is target Percentage Amount of time spent in a behavior divided by total observation time Long term behaviors Observational Analysis Tools

  23. Rate Number of times an event occurs divided by total observation time Short term behaviors “Times per minute” “Miles per hour” Observational Analysis Tools

  24. Content Analysis Presentation Analysis Travel Pattern Event Recording- Rate Duration Recording- Percentage Strategies Based on Observed Data Self-Assessment- Predictions Reflective Analysis WMU Observation System

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