Teaching Lindsey How to Improve Shooting Free Throws

1. Kelsey Timmerman Nicole Mapes December 7, 2011 Teaching Lindsey How to Improve Shooting Free Throws

2. Introduction- Learner Characteristics • Lindsey: • 13 years old • 7 years of basketball experience • Post player for Roosevelt Junior High basketball team • Succeeds at post position • Fairly physically fit • Highly motivated and willing to learn • In the motor stage of learning to refine shooting skills

3. Free-Throw Background • Tends to air-ball free throws • Has elbow “out” • Ball tends to fly to the left of the hoop • Different pre-shot routine • Discouraged/No Confidence • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgLXpJSn8jE

4. Lindsey’s Goals(Aspects to Focus On) • Have the highest free-throw percentage on the team (Outcome Goal) • Improve to 70% (Performance Goal) • Routine Fundamentals (Process Goals) • Develop error-detection and error-correctioncapabilities • Stay calm under pressure (Generalization)

5. Target Skill- Free Throw • Discrete, Closed Skill • Open-Loop Control System • Intrinsic Feedback • Proprioceptive Feedback • Little risk of injury

6. Target Context • Crowd/Crowd noise • Other players on court • Pressure of the situation • Pressure of time • Only have 5 sec to get shot off • Fatigue

7. Instructional Plan Focus Program Learning – learn new generalized motor program

8. Instructional Plan • Instructions/Demonstration • Verbal/Visual • Visualization • Segmentation • Ground drill • Line drill • Mental-Rehearsal Techniques • Schema Development: Constant Practice • Feedback

9. Instructions/Demonstration • Verbally explain shooting process • Set feet (dominant slightly in front of the other) • “Swing your purse” • Set your elbow • Extend your knees/elbow • Up on your toes • “Reach in the cookie jar” Now Nicole will demonstrate!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63N8Nu4d4Gg

10. Visualization Lindsey will picture herself performing the techniques shown and the basketball going in (Mental Imagery)

11. Segmentation (Part Practice) • Get into shooting position (feet) • “Swing your purse” • Set Elbow • Elbow “IN” • Get “Set” with guide hand • Push with legs/Extend Arm • Start motion towards basket • Follow Through • Ground and line drills **Put it all together in Slow Motion** (Speed-accuracy trade-off)

12. Finding a Routine • Lindsey will try out different pre-shot scenarios • She will perform the same routine before each free throw attempt

13. Mental-Rehearsal Techniques Lindsey is instructed to mentally see herself practice the “full shot” and then imitate it with her eyes closed (Intrinsic Proprioceptive Feedback)

14. Constant Practice • Shoot 10 Free Throws in a row—take a break • Repeat 10 times every practice session • Introduce a crowd/make noise • Introduce a pressure situation (anxiety) • Set up a scrimmage game

15. Goals for Activities Prescribed • Combine segments in fluid motion (Progressive Part Practice)—gain the fundamental pattern • Increase speed and accuracy in drills • For Lindsey to complete the process with little to no attention (Autonomous Stage)

16. How We Intend to Measure Progress • Statistics • % of free throws made out of 100 • % of free throws made during the scrimmage • Observational analysis: • Fluid motion? • Using proper technique? • Following segmentation steps?

17. Feedback • Allow for Lindsey to ask for feedback • Answer any specific questions • Instantaneous Feedback • Summary Feedback • Constant shooting practice/scrimmage practice—little to no feedback

18. Modifications • Going back to old habits • Adjusting to unfamiliar gyms • Progress goals are met quickly

19. Going Back to Old Habits • Focus Lindsey’s attention on back of the rim (Attentional Narrow Focus) • Mental imagery • Physically practice “going through the motions” before shooting (Proprioceptive Feedback) • Focus on every step • Explain what went wrong when Lindsey misses a free-throw (Error-Detection)

20. Adjusting to Unfamiliar Gyms • Practice in various gyms around town • Have Lindsey focus on gyms similarities rather than differences

21. Process Goals are Met Quickly PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE!!!

22. References • Youtube Videos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgLXpJSn8jE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63N8Nu4d4Gg • Al-Abood, S. A., Bennett, S. J., Hernandez, F. M., Ashford, D. D., & Davids, K. K. (2002). Effect of verbal instructions and image size on visual search strategies in basketball free throw shooting. / Effets d ' instructions verbales et de la taille d ' image sur les strategies de recherchesvisuelles en lancer franc au basketball. Journal Of Sports Sciences, 20(3), 271-278. • Carboni, J., Burke, K. L., Joyner, A., Hardy, C. J., & Blom, L. C. (2002). The Effects of Brief Imagery on Free Throw Shooting Performance and Concentrational Style of Intercollegiate Basketball Players: A Single-Subject Design. International Sports Journal, 6(2), 60.

23. References • Czech, D. R., Ploszay, A. J., & Burke, K. L. (2004). An examination of the maintenance of preshot routines in basketball free throw shooting. Journal Of Sport Behavior, 27(4), 323-329. • Dandy, J., Brewer, N., & Tottman, R. (2001). Self-Consciousness and Performance Decrements Within a Sporting Context. Journal Of Social Psychology, 141(1), 150-152. • Malone, L. A., Gervais, P. L., & Steadward, R. D. (2002). Shooting mechanics related to player classification and free throw success in wheelchair basketball. Journal Of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 39(6), 701-709.