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An overview on the Cold application throughout the world

An overview on the Cold application throughout the world. Jacques Guilpart Head of the Refrigeration processes engineering research unit, Cemagref, France French delegate to the International Institute of refrigeration jacques.guilpart@cemagref.fr + 33 1 40 96 60 26.

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An overview on the Cold application throughout the world

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  1. An overview on the Cold application throughout the world Jacques Guilpart Head of the Refrigeration processes engineering research unit, Cemagref, France French delegate to the International Institute of refrigeration jacques.guilpart@cemagref.fr + 33 1 40 96 60 26

  2. How would the world look like without artificial cold ? or : the cold, a forgotten need … an evidence For cooling … ? Just push on the button !

  3. The cold : an evident application on food … The food cold chain … from the first ages to the 1800’ths Preservation (quality, safety, … Cf L. Bog Sorensen)

  4. The cold : an evident application on food … The food cold chain … in 1900’th Thermodynamics discovery

  5. The cold : an evident application on food … The food cold chain … in 1950’th CFC discovery in the 1930’th

  6. The cold : an evident application on food … The food cold chain … today Cf V. Silvera, M. Debord, G. Chuzel, L. de Camargo, N. Filho

  7. The cold : some less evident applications on food Texturation and formulation Butter and fat Chocolate Dairy products and other semiliquid foods Ice creams … Lyophilisation Baby food Prepared meats

  8. The cold : some less evident applications on food Control of fermentation Wine Beer Champaign Cryoconcentration Cryoseparation Juices and other liquid foods Tartric acid (wine) And some other application (Cf J. Evans & R. Masheroni)

  9. The cold : an evident application on food … One can estimate that approx 60% of the food we eat in developed countries needs cold application : 530 kG/hab. year of solid foods, incl. 308 kg of refrigerated food 42 kg of frozen food. Over the 4 500 Mt of the food produced worldwide, 1 500 Mt could be refrigerated to good effect … but only 350 MT are actually refrigerated. 25% up to 30% of the world food production is lost; the application of cold could save a large amount of this food. 3 million death per year are caused by unhealthy diet; the application of cold could drastically reduce this deplorable score.

  10. The cold : an evident application on food … Fiction prospective … Mean life duration in year (France)

  11. The cold : an evident application on food … Fiction prospective … Development of the cold chain …

  12. But the cold throughout the world is also … Air conditioning in the 1950’th early …

  13. But the cold throughout the world is also … Air conditioning and more and more today … Domestic Buildings Mobile

  14. But the cold throughout the world is also … Sports and entertainment

  15. But the cold throughout the world is also … Liquefaction of energetic gases LNG, LPG

  16. But the cold throughout the world is also … Liquefaction of industrial gases N2, O2, CO2 He, H2, …

  17. But the cold throughout the world is also … … and the liquefied gases applications in iron industry,

  18. But the cold throughout the world is also … … in aeronautics

  19. But the cold throughout the world is also … … in civil engineering

  20. But the cold throughout the world is also … … and in supra conduction

  21. But the cold throughout the world is also … … Some medical applications for drugs processing (and preservation)

  22. But the cold throughout the world is also … … and in surgery a couple of years ago …

  23. But the cold throughout the world is also … …, today and tomorrow

  24. The cold applications throughout the world Relative economic weigh of the different activities related to the cold applications 1991

  25. The cold applications throughout the world An evidence : The cold is largely used in the food industry domain … The cold production is mainly based on vapour compression cycles with liquid/vapour phase change (Cf R.Aguilo) CFC, HCFC, HFC and other refrigerants

  26. The cold applications throughout the world Ozone layer Global warming … => Drastic regulation on chlorinated refrigerant use Cf S. Van der Sluis

  27. The International Institute of Refrigeration • Intergovernmental organization • 61 Member Countries All the mentioned topics are the concern of the international institute of refrigeration …

  28. Mission of the IIR The International Institute of Refrigeration • To promote expansion of knowledge and to disseminate information • on all refrigeration technologies and • all applications • for the benefit of humanity • To promote knowledge of refrigeration technologies and all applications in order to address today’s major issues • Food safety • Protection of the environment • Reduction of global warming • Prevention of ozone depletion • Development of the least developed countries • Food • Health

  29. The International Institute of Refrigeration Heat pumps, energy recovery E E1 E2 Air conditioning Refrigerated transport Refrigerated storage D D1 D2 Food science and engineering C Cryobiology, cryomedicine C1 C2 Refrigerating equipment Thermodynamics and transfer processes B B1 B2 Liquefaction and separation of gases Cryophysics, cryoengineering A A1 A2

  30. The International Institute of Refrigeration IIR services and deliverables

  31. Training Courses The International Institute of Refrigeration • Good Practice in Refrigeration • Refrigeration and Preservation of Fruit and Vegetables • Refrigeration and Preservation of Fish • Refrigeration and the Environment • Refrigeration Fundamentals

  32. Working parties The International Institute of Refrigeration Chairman WP Phase-Change Materials and Ice Slurries L. Fournaison WP Mitigation of GHGs P. Lundqvist WP Preservation of Genetic Resources WP Refrigerant System Safety L. Rolfsman WP Data and Models (Food) B. Nicolai WP Cold Chain in Developing Countries WP Cold Chain Optimization N. Amos WP Magnetic Cooling P. Egolf WP Energy Labelling in the Cold Chain G. Panozzo SC Test Stations (refrigerated transport) G. Johansson SC Display Cabinets S. Van der Sluis

  33. The International Institute of Refrigeration Organisation and sponsoring of conferences 10th WFLO Education Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Feb. 5-6, 2007 2nd International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature, Portoroz, Slovenia, April 11-13, 2007 Ammonia Refrigeration Technology for Today and Tomorrow, Ohrid, Macedonia (FYROM), April 19-21, 2007 LNG 15 – Liquefied Natural Gas, Barcelona, Spain, April 24-27, 2007 New Ventures in Freeze-drying, Strasbourg, France, Nov. 7-9, 2007 4th International Conference on Cryogenics – ICCR’2008, Shanghai, China, April 6-9, 2008 4th Central European Congress of Food – CEFood 2008, Cavtat, Croatia, April 9-11, 2008 8th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids (GL2008), Copenhagen, Denmark, Sept. 7-10, 2008 International Sorption Heat Pump Conference 2008- ISHPCO8, Seoul, South Korea, Sept. 23-26, 2008

  34. Welcome to the 22nd International Congress of Refrigeration« Refrigeration creates the future » The International Institute of Refrigeration Beijing, China, August 21-26, 2007

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