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Colonialism and Decolonization

Colonialism and Decolonization. “Precursor to Poverty?”. Colonialism. Pre-Colonial heritages Analysis from reading Discourses of colonialism: racism The end of colonialism/the beginning of development. Ancient Kingdoms of Africa. Colonial structures. Institutions of colonialism

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Colonialism and Decolonization

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  1. Colonialism and Decolonization “Precursor to Poverty?”

  2. Colonialism • Pre-Colonial heritages • Analysis from reading • Discourses of colonialism: racism • The end of colonialism/the beginning of development

  3. Ancient Kingdoms of Africa

  4. Colonial structures • Institutions of colonialism • Discourses of colonialism • Legacies of colonialism

  5. Discourses of Colonialism: Racism • Comte de Gobineau (1816-1882) • “Essai sur l’Inegalite des Races Humaines” • Precursor to German theories of Aryan superiority • Eugenics: racial differences and purity. • Natural selection good/Benevolence bad • Geography’s ugly past: • Smith’s First Book in Geography (1853) (overhead) • Johnson New Illustrated Family Atlas of the World (1877) • “exploration” • Environmental determinism

  6. Discourses of Colonialism: Racism • Rudyard Kipling (1899): “White Man’s Burden” (overhead) • John Stuart Mill (1861) Considerations on Representative Government • Lady Simon: Slavery: critique of the gov. of Liberia • Albert Schweitzer: benevolent but paternalistic (overhead) • Edward Said : • “Orientalism” (1978) defining what is Western in contrast to the “Other” • “Culture and Imperialism” (1994) • Joseph Conrad, Jane Austen, etc. (overhead)

  7. Discourses and development • How do words, ideas, writing and other texts influence our thinking and societal outcomes? • How do “cultural” elements create invisible assumptions? • Who has the power to control discourses? • Role of the media and other modern communication • Paying attention to the words and ideas that we take for granted….”deconstructing” the power relations inherent in discourses. • Apply these notions to development

  8. The End of Colonialism • World War II provides background conditions • Victory over Axis and Japan • European countries are devastated, exhausted, and broke. • Marshall plan tradeoff: Europe opens its previously closed trading blocks • Europe can no longer control colonies economically and politically—anti colonial movements

  9. The End of Colonialism • Cold war emerges • First and Second Worlds • Truman Doctrine (1949) • Containment • Development agenda (overhead) • Bretton Woods Institutions (1944) • IMF: International Monetary Fund • World Bank • GATT:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade • UN (1945)

  10. Locating the “third world” • Origins of the term • Physical mapping (overhead) • Social mapping • Better terms now?

  11. Theories and Practices of Development-an historical overview • Roots in Pre-20th Century Western Economics • Mercantilism • Physiocrats • Classical economics • Adam Smith • Karl Marx

  12. Theories and Practices of Development-an historical overview • 1950’s • Modernization Theory: • Walt Rostow: Stages of Economic Growth • Talcott Parsons: societal complexity, individualism • Weber: rational action • Key discourses? • Results for development: industrialization/infrastructure • Neoclassical Theory (the Marginalist School) • Key discourses? • Results for development: • Export cropping and industry • Single resources economies

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