1 / 15

H205

H205 . The USMC Between the Wars.

kayla
Download Presentation

H205

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. H205 The USMC Between the Wars

  2. I spent 33 years being a high-class muscle man for big business, for Wall Street and the bankers . . . I helped purify Nicaragua for the international banking house of Brown Brothers . . . I brought light to the Dominican Republic for the American sugar interests. . . I helped make Haiti and Cuba a decent place for the National City (Bank) boys to collect their revenues in. I helped in the rape of half a dozen Central American republics for the benefit of Wall Street. Gen(Ret) Smedley Butler, USMC (Two time Medal of Honor winner during service in Mexico and Haiti) DOLLAR DIPLOMACY

  3. “Banana Wars” • Cuba 1899 - 1917 • Panama 1885 - 1904 • Nicaragua 1912, 1927 - 1934 • Haiti 1915 - 1934 • Dominican 1916 - 1924 Republic (Dominican Republic 1965; Grenada 1983; Panama 1989; Haiti 1994)

  4. “Brutal wrong doing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the United States cannot ignore this duty.” Secretary of State Elihu Root, 1904 Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

  5. Nicaragua • How did the US become involved? • Who was Augusto Sandino • How successful were the Marines in stabilizing Nicaragua? What were the long term effects?

  6. Small Wars Manual 1940 • Observations on political, social, psychological, cultural elements of small wars • Emphasized restraint • Little impact on Counterinsurgency doctrine of early 1960’s • Republished in 1980s for Central America

  7. Small Wars Defined Small wars are operations undertaken under executive authority, wherein military force is combined with diplomatic pressure in the internal or external affairs of another state whose government is unstable, inadequate, or unsatisfactory for the preservation of life and of such interests as are determined by the foreign policy of our nation. USMC Small Wars Manual 1-1, p1, 1940

  8. Lessons Learned • Marines should be used to fight guerrillas and train national police forces • Need to overcome cultural and linguistic barriers • Value of combined arms units and operations • Value of mixed patrols • Cutting supply lines does not end insurgency USMC Small Wars Manual 1940

  9. Washington Naval Conference, 1922 • Established 5:5:3 capital ship tonnage ratio between US, Britain, and Japan • Established 10 year moratorium on capital ship construction • Limited weapons caliber on capital ships to max of 16” • Prohibited construction of new or strengthening of existing fortifications in Pacific possessions

  10. The “Color” Plans,1919 - 1938 BLUE - Continental Defense RED - War Against Britain ORANGE - War Against Japan RED/ORANGE - War Against Britain & Japan

  11. Finding a Niche • USMC in search of a mission • Navy warplans implied seizure & defense of advanced bases • The Gallipoli Precedent • MAJ “Pete” Ellis (1880-1923) • MG John A. Lejeune

  12. Opposed Landings • What are the problems? • Command & Control relationships • Safe/orderly movement ashore • Joint fire support when beach lacks any organic capability • Logistics & C2 buildup • What equipment was needed?

  13. USMC Tentative Manual for Landing Operations, 1933 • Command Relationships • Naval Gunfire Support • Aerial Support • Ship-to-Shore Movement • Securing the Beachhead • Logistics

  14. USMC Tenets of Amphibious Assault • Isolate the objective • Pound with naval gunfire and airstrikes • Violent assault (not a transportation operation) • Combined arms force • Local superiority in combat power • Wide front • Rapid reinforcement (including artillery and tanks)

  15. A Model of Innovation THREAT TECHNOLOGICAL CONCEPTUAL (thoughtware) (hardware) What drives adaptation and innovation? LOGISTICAL (resources) MILITARY CULTURE POLITICAL FACTORS

More Related