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Understanding DNA: The Blueprint of Life

DNA is the blueprint within the nucleus that guides protein synthesis. Discover key concepts such as nucleotides, nitrogen bases, and protein synthesis through transcription and translation. Explore the significance of mutations and how enzymes like DNA polymerase play a crucial role in maintaining genetic integrity. Uncover the intricacies of DNA structure, replication, and the genetic code.

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Understanding DNA: The Blueprint of Life

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  1. DNA is a blueprint that tells how to make your entire body, (proteins)

  2. 2. In the nucleus on the chromosomes • Nucleotides • 3 • Nitrogen base • sugar • phosphate group

  3. Sequence location of DNA molecule DNA chromosome nucleus cell

  4. Watson • Crick

  5. 7. Double Helix

  6. 8. Proteins antibodies hormones Enzymes

  7. Nitrogen Bases • Adenine – Thymine A – T • Guanine – Cytosine G - C What type of bonds hold the two strands of DNA together? HYDROGEN BONDS

  8. Pyrimidines __________________Nucleotides made up of only one ring structure are called Purines __________________Nucleotides made up of a two ring structure are called :

  9. A-T • T-A • C-G • G-C BASE PAIRING

  10. Mitosis • Replication • 13. (hint) s phase INTERPHASE

  11. REPLICATION The strand being copied is called a _______________. Template The new strand that is made is called the _____________________________ Complimentary Strand This method of coping DNA is called ______________________ Because there is one old and one strand made> Semi-conservative

  12. Protein Synthesis • The building of protein using the code of instructions • from a DNA molecule.

  13. Amino acids • 3. 20

  14. 4. Ribosomes 5. DNA mRNA Ribosomes

  15. Breaking the code Transcription • Nucleus • A T C G • 8. Codon 3 How many codons do you see in the strand above?

  16. 10. mRNA

  17. mRNA Uracil is one of the four bases found in RNA, along with adenine, cytosine, and guanine. It is a pyrimidine nitrogenous base, consisting of one six-member ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. In DNA, uracil is replaced by another pyrimidine called thymine. [LM] {GE} {RH} U mRNA bases: A C G DNA bases: A C G T DNA A – T mRNA A - U

  18. Practice: Match the strand of mRNA that would go with the DNA strand. ( DNA to make hair protein) DNA TAC CAT GGG ATA CCG mRNA AUG GUA CCC UAU GGC

  19. 13. Ribosomes 12. Transcription

  20. Ribosome • Codon one

  21. tRNA • Amino acid • 18. anticodon

  22. READS ONLY mRNA

  23. DNA T A C C C G A G T AMINO ACIDS START CODON PROLINE STOP CODON Mrna A U G G G C U C A

  24. 19. Polypeptide (protein) 20. TRANSLATION

  25. 1, mutation • 2. UV rays, chemicals, x rays or nuclear etc. • Mutagens (asbestos, cigarette smoke etc) • Germ (sperm or egg) • Offspring • Somatic • 7. offspring

  26. 8. Point mutation

  27. FRAMESHIFT • MUTATION Frameshift is most dangerous because it can change the entire reading of the genetic code.

  28. Deletion = part of chromosome is missing Inversion = part of chromosome is backwards Insertion = extra copy of part of chromosome Translocation = part of one chromosome moves to a different chromosome 11. ENZYMES DNA POLYMERASE (spell checker)

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