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Balloon borne experiment of MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

Balloon borne experiment of MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC. H.Nishimura T.Tanimori, H.Kubo, K.Miuchi, K.Tsuchiya, S.Kabuki, A.Takeda, Y.Okada, K.Hattori, K.Ueno, S.Kurosawa (KYOTO University). Photo: Saga balloon Festi. MeV gamma-ray Camera with μ-PIC System and Operation

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Balloon borne experiment of MeV-Gamma Camera with μ-PIC

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  1. Balloon borne experiment of MeV-Gamma Camerawith μ-PIC H.Nishimura T.Tanimori, H.Kubo, K.Miuchi, K.Tsuchiya, S.Kabuki, A.Takeda, Y.Okada, K.Hattori, K.Ueno, S.Kurosawa (KYOTO University) Photo: Sagaballoon Festi. • MeV gamma-ray Camera with μ-PIC • System and Operation of first balloon experiment • Summary and Future work 2007MPGD 研究会@佐賀

  2. COMPTEL(1-30MeV) onboard GRO (1991-2000) MeV Gamma-ray Astrophysics COMPTEL(1-30MeV) Nucleosynthesis Supernova: Nuclear emission from RI Particle Acceleration Pulsar, GRB, Solar flare, Active Galactic Nuclei Strong gravitational field Stellar BH, PBH (Page & Hawking, 1976) Galaxy evolution・structure extra-galactic g-ray diffuse BG Cosmic-ray origin, propagationgalactic g-ray diffuse emission Schönfelder, et al.(2000) 32 sources EGRET(>100MeV) 271 sources Hartman, et al,(1999)

  3. Sensitivity gap in MeV gamma-ray region keV MeV GeV TeV EGRET 1mCrab Air Cherenkov sensitivity GLAST(2007) Our Goal NeXT All Sky survey ~1°

  4. Advanced ⇒Our Detector Detect energy of e- and γ and direction ofγ Detect energy of e- and γ and direction of e-andγ CGRO衛星COMPTEL restrict a direction of γincident indonut-shaped area restrict a direction of γincident inarc area Liquid scinti. Able to image with less events Image become broad, and generate ghost. 15 2.6m 15 NaI(Tl) scinti Y [cm] Y [cm] 600 events 1.7m 150 events -15 -15 -15 X [cm] 15 -15 X [cm] 15 MeV-gamma Compton Camera Classical ex.COMPTEL two source image

  5. Our Compton Camera • Gas Time Projection Chamber (μ-TPC) • Recoil electron with 3D track and energy • less Multiple Scatter • Scintillation Camera • Direction and energy of scatter γ-ray. Get Direction and energy of incident gamma-ray event by event Geometrical angle v.s Kinematics angle ⇒ Reject incorrect Compton event

  6. To detect recoil electron. Gas Time Projection Chamber μ-PIC+GEM gain 200010    ~5000 ~20 Electric Field (E=0.4kV/cm) ・Large Volume. >10×10×10cm ・Strong Structure ・less readout 65000pixel⇒512line Drift Velosity(Ar) =4cm/msec 3mm 400μm

  7. 622-702keV [cm] 137Cs:662keV All range [cm] 785-885keV [cm] 137Cs 54Mn 54Mn:835keV [cm] Our Camera imaing 40cm 12cm 137Cs [cm] エネルギー範囲を指定 54Mn [cm] エネルギーを分けた イメージングができる!

  8. Our road map (10cm)3 MeV γ-ray Camera @ Sanriku(2006) • Operation test of gas-TPC @ 35km • Cosmic Back ground ・atmosphere gamma-ray measurement •  (expect: 0.1~1MeV Total 300 Photons@35km) (30cm)3Camera @Japan 6 hours(2009?) • Observation of Crab and Cyg X-1 (40cm)3Camera Long flight Balloon~10 Days (50cm)3Cameraall-sky survey on satellite

  9. Balloon Model of Our Camera Plastic Scinti • TPC • 10cm μ-PIC+10cmGEM • Xe+Ar+C2H6gas • (80:18:2) 1atm • 101014cm3 • Gain μ-PIC ×2000 • GEM ×15 • ・GSOscintilator • 5cm 33 MAPMT • Anti Plastic scintillator • 30cm×30cm×3mm GSO Scinti TPC TPC Amplifier • NIM Module • Scint. AMP • DAC φ1×1.4m3 DATA write HDD + send ground by FM radio • VME Module • CPU • ADC • telemetry • Counter board FPGA DATA taking system

  10. f~1m 1.4m Balloon container • container :1.451.21.55m3 • Bessel:φ1×1.4m3 • Container +detector Mass397kg • Power: ~350W • Bessel:220W DC-DC conv. MI sensor Bessel Battery Inside of Bessel(1atm) Detector DAQ system・Hard Disk Sensors Al thickness=3mm 1.55m Ballast Case Battery Outside of Bessel DC-DC converter Battery Sensors For Balloon flight transmitter, receiver, transponder, buoy, sensor GPS 1.45m 1.20m No attitude control

  11. Balloon • B100(100,000m3) • Mass816kg (balloon 263kg、gondola397kg 25.8kg、130kg) • buoyancy888.2kg 1.55m Balloon launch @ Sanriku, Japan gondola package 1.20m 1.45m

  12. launch Obserb.End 岩手県 Iwate Pre. Our detector Flight altitude Flight trace 35.0Km 32.0Km Level flight Miyako 宮古 0  1  2  3   4   5  6   7  8 釜石 kamaishi [hour] Flight for 7 hours AM 5:26(JST)DAQ on 6:11Launch 8:56into Level Flight 12:59DAQ off 13:45 Slash down 14:32recover by ship 150km 気仙沼 kesennuma 宮城県 Miyagi Pre.

  13. Maxat 16km operation end launch Hz/PMT level flight Flight Status ・telemetry no problem ・detector・DAQ no problem ・rate of data taking  ~20Hz ・Dead time ~10% GSO TRIGGER RATE (No VETO) GSO (sum)trigger rate 103 102 10 DAQ trigger rate Temperature 赤 CPU 青inner air 緑outer air 紫Power System 黒battery(3B36) [hour] 0  1  2  3   4   5  6   7  

  14. operation of TPC @32km height Rate of micro discharge No critical discharge and damage for μ-PIC and GEM. Increasing μ-discharge caused by large energy deposit event . altitude launch End hour

  15. Charged Particle Mode Single Track dE/dx分布 (Single track) dE /dx[keV/cm] Multi Track red:Landau function 4.8 keV/cm @ peak MIP 5.3 keV/cm

  16. Observation of MeV Gamma-ray Preliminary ← Observed γ-rayspectrum • @height of 32~35 km, 3.5 hour • with 3str Field of view • Total ~250 photons Final result is coming soon...

  17. Next Step (10cm)3 MeV γ-ray Camera @ Sanriku(2006) (30cm)3Camera @Japan 6 hours(2009?) • Observation of Crab and Cyg X-1 ・30×30 cm2 μ-PIC ・23×28cm2 GEM or 15×28cm2GEM×2 ・Development low power read out system ⇒CMOS-ASIC with KEK (40cm)3Camera Long flight Balloon~10 Days (50cm)3Cameraall-sky survey on satellite

  18. Conclusion • Balloon experiment of MeV gamma-ray Camera with μ-PIC 10X10X14cm3 Gas TPC + GSO Scintillator measurement of diffuse gamma-ray • 2006/9/1 launch、7hours flight 4 hours level flight at the hight of 32~35km • Detect ~250 photons (100keV~1MeV) • No critical discharge and no damage at detector (μ-PIC) • Our μ-TPCTPC was operated without any problem. Future work • more detail analys of flight data • Construct larger detector

  19. 0.3 MeV 0.5 0.8 1.0 Atmospheric flux Total flux (Atmospheric + Cosmic) 0 90 180 Zenith angle [degrees] ガンマ線観測モード ← レベルフライトで観測された   ガンマ線スペクトル Preliminary • 高度32~35 km, 3.5時間 • 視野 3str 内のイベントのみ • Total ~250 photons Preliminary 天頂角依存性 → • 100~900 keV • 高度32~35km, 3.5h

  20. ← 大気の厚みに対する   カウントレートの変化 Preliminary • 視野(3str)内 • エラーバーは •  統計のエラーのみ • 図中の曲線は • cosmic成分: • Fc = a E–b× exp(-z/τtot) • a,b: free parameter • τtot: mean free path • atmospheric成分: • Fa = c E-d × z • c,d: free parameter •  と仮定して • R(z) = ∫(Fc + Fa)εeffdE •  でfittingして得たもの atmospheric cosmic ← Diffuse Cosmic Gamma-ray flux 赤線: 今回の実験で得られたflux

  21. 30cm角γ線カメラ開発 30cm角GSOシンチレーションカメラ 30cm角ガスTPC 今までの アレイカメラ の大きさ 30cm 33cm 30cm 宇宙線ミューオン 省電力化 • TPC用CMOSLSI •  (KEKと共同開発) • PMT用CMOS LSI • IDE社VATAチップ試験中

  22. 通信系 • 気球⇒地上 テレメトリー  64kbps Bi-phase • イベント毎に送信。 • イベントデータ(DAQ取得情報の一部。1kB) • 1秒毎(GPS 1pps)に送信。 • モニター(電圧・温度・圧力・位置等) 1kB • カウンター(各種トリガーカウンター) 0.5kB • 地上⇒気球 コマンド  ダブルトーン 15ch • 6ch 気球制御用(カッター・排気弁・バラスト等) • 6chPI用 電源システムON・OFF • 3chPI用 コマンドテーブル 15メニュー×8項目 DAQコントロール(shutdown)、HVコントロール等 

  23. 622-702keV [cm] 137Cs:662keV All range [cm] 785-885keV [cm] 137Cs 54Mn 54Mn:835keV [cm] イメージングの結果 検出器から40cmの位置に、 12cm離した2つの線源 137Cs [cm] エネルギー範囲を指定 54Mn [cm] エネルギーを分けた イメージングができる!

  24. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 散乱γ線検出シンチレーションカメラ GSO(Ce)6x6x13mm3 662keV γ線全面照射  再構成画像 8x8アレイ 抵抗分割読出し 5cm エネルギー分解能 9.0%@662keV (FWHM) 8x8マルチアノードPMT (HPK フラットパネルH8500) TPCの周囲に33ユニット配置 エネルギー分解能10%@662keV(FWHM) 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2

  25. γ線検出モードの結果 エネルギースペクトル raw 0.5MeV 1.0MeV 検出レート Event selection 地上 高度10~15 km 荷電粒子トリガー モード

  26. 回収された検出器 • フレームゆがみ 特になし • 与圧容器内 浸水なし • 観測データHDD 損傷なし • ガスTPC 異常なし • GSOシンチ+PMT 異常なし

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