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HIV, Hepatitis, Herpes

HIV, Hepatitis, Herpes. Slackers Facts by Mike Ori. Disclaimer. The information represents my understanding only so errors and omissions are probably rampant. It has not been vetted or reviewed by faculty. The source is our class notes.

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HIV, Hepatitis, Herpes

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  1. HIV, Hepatitis, Herpes Slackers Facts by Mike Ori

  2. Disclaimer The information represents my understanding only so errors and omissions are probably rampant. It has not been vetted or reviewed by faculty. The source is our class notes. The document can mostly be used forward and backward. I tried to mark questionable stuff with (?). If you want it to look pretty, steal some crayons and go to town. Finally… If you’re a gunner, buck up and do your own work.

  3. What are the retrovirus groups

  4. Oncoretrovirus Lentivirus

  5. What are the members of each retroviral group?

  6. Oncoretrovirus – HTLV I/II Lentivirus – HIV I/II

  7. Describe retrovirus morphology

  8. Encapsulated icosahedral ssRNA (+) diploid

  9. What do the name prefixes tell you?

  10. Onco = tumor Lenti = slow

  11. What is the target tissue for retroviruses

  12. T cells

  13. What tumors are associated with HTLV

  14. HTLV I – Adult T-cell leukemias HTLV II – Hairy cell leukemias

  15. What are the three most important retroviral proteins?

  16. Reverse transcriptase Integrase protease

  17. Describe retroviral promoters

  18. Consist of long terminal repeats that are situated upstream of viral genes

  19. What are the products of the gag gene

  20. Structural genes for matrix, capsid, nucleocapsid

  21. What is the function of the pol genes

  22. DNA synthesis and maintenance and protein activation. Protease, reverse transcriptase, integrase

  23. What is the function of the env genes

  24. Surface glycoproteins and transmembrane proteins GP120 and GP41

  25. What does HIV rev do?

  26. Transports mRNA from the nucleus

  27. What does HIV tat do

  28. Promotes the transcription of HIV genes by interacting with LTR.

  29. What are the analogous HTLV genes for tat and rev?

  30. Tax and rex

  31. What is the basis for HTLV oncogenesis?

  32. Tax interacts with host cell promoter sequences that induce oncogenesis.

  33. Is HIV oncogenic

  34. No, HIV tat protein is more specific and does not interact with host cell promoters.

  35. What the general mechanisms of oncogenesis

  36. Expression of viral genes that interfere with or cause over-expression of host proteins that lead to defective cell cycle maintenance. Insertional mutagenesis - Insertion of viral genome into the host genome in a way that causes dysregulation. Acute transforming viruses – incorporate a host oncogene in the viral genome.

  37. What are the primary HIV surface glycoproteins and what are their functions?

  38. GP120 – interacts with host cell receptors GP41 – initiates fusion of viral and host membranes

  39. What are CCR5 and CXCR4

  40. These are coreceptor molecules on the surface of some human cells whose binding is required in addition to GP120-->CD4

  41. Where are CCR5 and CXCR-4 found

  42. CCR5 is found in dendritic cells and macrophages in the periphery. CXCR-4 is found on CD4 T-lymphocytes

  43. Where is the highest concentration of HIV virus found

  44. In lymph nodes

  45. Describe why antibodies are less effective against HIV

  46. HIV infects adjacent cells during the budding process. It is not exposed to antibodies. Note that HIV proteins on the plasma membrane are targets for antibodies though.

  47. How does HIV reduce its exposure to cytotoxic T-cells

  48. It down-regulates MHC-I and MHC-II

  49. Which is more infective for sexual transmission CCR5 or CXCR-4?

  50. CCR5. It is found on dendritic cells and macrophages

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