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1. Chapter Resources 20 Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. gpscience.com Image Bank Foldables Video Clips and Animations Chapter Summary Chapter Review Questions Standardized Test Practice

2. Chapter Resources 5 gpscience.com

3. Image Bank 20 Click on individual thumbnail images to view larger versions.

4. Image Bank 20 Transfer Images • To transfer images to your own power point follow the following steps: • Open the “Resource” file from the CD-ROM disc – view the file in the “normal view” or “slide sorter view” mode - go to slide #2 – from there you can click through the images and follow these instructions. Click once on the image. • Copy the image • Go to your own power point document • Paste the image.

5. Image Bank 20 Statue of Liberty

6. Image Bank 20 Statue of Liberty and Copper Penny

7. Image Bank 20 Salt Shaker

8. Image Bank 20 Sodium Chloride

9. Image Bank 20 Table – Some Familiar Compounds

10. Image Bank 20 Noble Gas Diagrams

11. Image Bank 20 Hydrogen

12. Image Bank 20 Helium

13. Image Bank 20 Electron Distribution

14. Image Bank 20 Energy Levels

15. Image Bank 20 Hydrogen Oxygen Bond

16. Image Bank 20 Salt and Toothpaste

17. Image Bank 20 Potassium and Iodine Bonds

18. Image Bank 20 Magnesium Chlorine

19. Image Bank 20 Covalently Bonded Water

20. Image Bank 20 Multiple Bonds

21. Image Bank 20 Polar Covalent

22. Image Bank 20 Polarity of Water

23. Image Bank 20 Electrons in Periodic Table Group

24. Image Bank 20 Table – Special Ions

25. Image Bank 20 Table – Elements in Binary Compounds

26. Image Bank 20 Baking Soda

27. Image Bank 20 Table Polyatomic Ions

28. Image Bank 20 Table – Naming Complex Compounds

29. Image Bank 20 Water Changes Powder

30. Image Bank 20 Table – Prefixes for Covalent Compounds

31. Image Bank 20 Ionic Bonding

32. Image Bank 20 Model of Water

33. Image Bank 20 NaCl Equation

34. Image Bank 20 Sodium Chloride

35. Foldables 20 Chemical Formulas Every compound has a chemical formula that tells exactly which elements are present in that compound and exactly how many atoms of each element are present in that compound. Make the following foldable to help identify the chemical formulas from this chapter.

36. Foldables 20 Fold a vertical sheet of notebook paper from side to side.

37. Foldables 20 Cut along every third line of only the top layer to form tabs.

38. Foldables 20 Label each tab.

39. Foldables 20 Read and Write Go through the chapter, find ten chemical formulas, and write them on the front of the tabs. As you read the chapter, write what compound each formula represents under the appropriate tab.

40. Video Clips and Animations 20 Click image to play movie To view the next video clip or animation click here.

41. Video Clips and Animations 20 Click image to play movie

42. Reviewing Main Ideas 20.1 Stability in Bonding • The properties of compounds are generally different from the properties of the elements they contain. • A chemical formula for a compound indicates the composition of a unit of the compound.

43. Reviewing Main Ideas 20.1 Stability in Bonding • Chemical bonding occurs because atoms of most elements become more stable by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons in order to obtain a stable outer energy level.

44. Reviewing Main Ideas 20.2 Types of Bonds • Ionic bonds between atoms are formed by the attraction between ions. Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons. • Ionic bonding occurs between charged particles called ions and produces ionic compounds. Covalent bonding produces units called molecules and occurs between nonmetallic elements.

45. Reviewing Main Ideas 20.2 Types of Bonds • The unequal sharing of electrons produces compounds that contain polar bonds, and the equal sharing of electrons produces nonpolar compounds.

46. Reviewing Main Ideas 20.3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds • An oxidation number indicates how many electrons an atom has gained, lost, or shared when bonding with other atoms. • In the formula of an ionic compound, the element or ion with the positive oxidation number is written first, followed by the one with the negative oxidation number.

47. Reviewing Main Ideas 20.3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds • The name of a binary compound is derived from the names of the two elements that compose the compound. Salt is an example of a binary compound. • A hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions and written into its formula.

48. Reviewing Main Ideas 20.3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds • Greek prefixes are used in the names of covalent compounds. These indicate the number of each atom present.

49. Chapter Review 20 Question 1 What are the three ways atoms form chemical bonds?

50. Chapter Review 20 Answer Atoms can gain, share, or lose electrons in order to form the chemical bonds of compounds.