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PENGELOLAAN EKOLOGI PERKOTAAN

MK. LANDUSE PLANNING & LAND DEVELOPMENT. PENGELOLAAN EKOLOGI PERKOTAAN. Smno.pdip.pdkl.ppsub.2013. The Ecosystem Concept. Sir Arthur G. Tansley (1871-1955). Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies.

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PENGELOLAAN EKOLOGI PERKOTAAN

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  1. MK. LANDUSE PLANNING & LAND DEVELOPMENT PENGELOLAAN EKOLOGI PERKOTAAN Smno.pdip.pdkl.ppsub.2013

  2. The Ecosystem Concept Sir Arthur G. Tansley (1871-1955) • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  3. Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  4. Cities have multiple and changing forms. • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  5. Burgess Model Central Business District Transitional zone: recent immigrants, deteriorating housing, factories, abandonment Working class zone: single family tenements Residential zone: single family homes with yards and garages Commuter zone: suburbs • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  6. Lahanpertaniandipinggirankotasedangmengalami “alihfungsi” • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  7. Patch dynamics • Applies to cities • Hierarchical • Gradients and fields • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  8. Pickett, Cadenasso • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  9. KomponenPerubahan • Urban design • Urban planning • Topography • Ecology • Social-cultural • Economic • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  10. KomponenKompleksitasSosial • Property regimes • Households and individuals • Social status • Economic status • Lifestyle grouping • Social identity • etc. • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  11. Fine Scale Analysis IKONOS Image Vegetation Parcels PROW Vegetation Private Land Vegetation Grove, Troy, O’Neil-Dunne • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  12. Nitrogen retention Groffman, Belt, Fisher • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  13. Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Pickett, Cadenasso (2008)

  14. N. Law and L. Band • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  15. Water principle • Sites of cities • Urban design • Future demands. • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  16. G. Brush et al. in prep • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  17. P15 • City form and shared needs • Role of elites • Non-stationary roles • Non-overlapping agency • Environmental injustice. • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  18. Prinsip-prinsip • Human ecosystem • Multiple forms • Extensive spatial mosaics • Intention, opportunity, incidental, constraint • Design as experiment • Role of social pattern and process • Social complexity … • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  19. Prinsip-prinsip • Retain remnant soils, waters, vegetation • Biodiversity multifaceted, value • Urban definitions various • Abstract gradients of urbanization • Human perceptions and actions • Flux of water, water infrastructure • Exotics and function • City form: equity and control • Application through dialog. • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  20. KESIMPULAN • Transdiciplinary concern • Heterogeneous, changing subject • Suggests emerging framework • Open to new insights • Context for specific tests. • Sumber: Principles of Urban Ecology - Steward T.A. Pickett. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  21. ApakahEkosistem Urban ? Urban ecosystem is an artificial habitat with unnatural plants and animals to provide an environment for human relaxation.

  22. CIRI-CIRI EKOSISTEM URBAN • Parks and playgrounds are the examples of urban ecosystem. • This ecosystem is unstable because it is artificial.

  23. CIRI-CIRI EKOSISTEM URBAN • They can only kept in their desirable conditions by constant effort. • Fertilizers and water are constantly added to the soils for plant growth. • Some weak plants will be protected and supported in a greenhouse.

  24. CIRI-CIRI EKOSISTEM URBAN • The plant and animal species are limited and fixed since they are introduced by man. • The plants are artificial as they are planted by man.

  25. PentingnyaEkosistem Urban • 1. For human a. Provide an area for people to play, relax and entertain and to relieve their stress. b. Let people know more about the ecosystem though the plants and animals in the parks and playground.

  26. PentingnyaEkosistem Urban • Green plants can minimize the human eye strain because trees can reduce light glare. • Plants help to balance oxygen and carbon dioxide level and provide more oxygen for all other organisms. • Parks and country parks can also provide a beautiful and comfortable view for people.

  27. PentingnyaEkosistem Urban • 2. For animals a.Provide a place for different kinds of animals to perch. For example , birds can perch on the trees. b.It also provide a micro-habitat for different kinds of insect. For example, grasshoppers live in the clump.

  28. Problems on urban ecosystem In a city, there are : • many tall buildings • surrounding the parks. • So light intensity is greatly reduce and the rate of photosynthesis is low.

  29. PentingnyaEkosistem Urban • In addition, the wind speed also reduces and decreases the chance of dispersal of plants. • The temperature of an urban area is higher than the countryside because a lot of hot air is given out by air-conditioners and factories. These increase cloudiness and the plants and animals in the parks are difficult to respire.

  30. There are many polluted air from vehicles and factories. The dirty dust will block up the stomata of plants and affect their gaseous exchange.

  31. Some soil in the playgrounds and parks are compacted by the tramping effect of human feet. Then the air space in the soil becomes lessened and less oxygen to support plant respiration.

  32. The surface of road is waterproof and there are drainage pipes on both sides of the road. Rain water is easy to run-off and the plants are difficult to absorb the water.

  33. SOLUSI: Ekosistem Urban • Add fertilizers to the soil frequently. • Add enough water to the plants. • The location of parks should not be close to any tall buildings. • Add fences to separate the plants from trampling of man.

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