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DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENCE TIMES FOR REACTORS PART II

DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENCE TIMES FOR REACTORS PART II. BY PUAN AZDUWIN BINTI KHASRI 10 DECEMBER 2012. PREDICTING CONVERSION AND EXIT CONCENTRATION.

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DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENCE TIMES FOR REACTORS PART II

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  1. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENCE TIMES FOR REACTORSPART II BY PUAN AZDUWIN BINTI KHASRI 10 DECEMBER 2012

  2. PREDICTING CONVERSION AND EXIT CONCENTRATION • The RTD tells us how long the various fluid elements have been in the reactor, but it does not tell us anything about the exchange of matter between the fluid elements. • The length of time each molecule spends in the reactor is all that is needed to predict conversion.

  3. TYPE OF MIXING • Macromixing produces a distribution of residence times without, however, specifying how molecules of different ages encounter one another in the reactor. • Micromixing- describes how molecules of different ages encounter one another in the reactor.

  4. MICROMIXING (1) All molecules of the same age group remain together as they travel through the reactor and are not mixed with any other age until they exit the reactor (COMPLETE SEGREGATION) (2) Molecules of different age groups are completely mixed at the molecular level as soon as they enter the reactor (COMPLETE MICROMIXING).

  5. MacrofluidvsMicrofluid • A globule is a fluid particle containing millions of molecules all of the same age. • A macrofluid could be visualized as a noncoalescentglobules where all the molecules in a given globule have the same age. • A microfluidis a fluid in which molecules are not constrained to remain in the globule and are free to move everywhere. • The extremes of late and early mixing are referred to as complete segregation and maximum mixedness, respectively.

  6. Microfluid Macrofluid

  7. REACTOR MODELING USING RTD Zero adjustable parameters a. Segregation model b. Maximum mixedness model

  8. SEGREGATION MODEL In the segregation model globules behave as batch reactors operated for different times Mean conversion for the segregation model The segregation model has mixing at the latest possible point.

  9. SEGREGATION MODEL The farther the molecules travel along the reactor before being removed, the longer their residence time.

  10. EXAMPLE:Segregation model For a batch reactor, Mean conversion for a first-order reaction

  11. EXAMPLE 13-4 : Mean Conversion in an Ideal PFR, an Ideal CSTR, and a Laminar Flow Reactor

  12. MAXIMUM MIXEDNESS MODEL Maximum mixedness: Mixing occurs at the earliest possible point As soon as the fluid enters the reactor, it is completely mixed radially (but not longitudinally) with the other fluid already in the reactor.

  13. Let 𝜆 be the time it takes for the fluid to move from a particular point to the end of the reactor. In other words, 𝜆is the life expectancy of the fluid in the reactor at that point

  14. THE END

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