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BASICS OF METROLOGY

METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS. BASICS OF METROLOGY. PREPARED BY R.DHANARAJ AP/ MECH. TAGORE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY. METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS. UNIT I BASICS OF METROLOGY

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BASICS OF METROLOGY

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  1. METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS BASICS OF METROLOGY PREPARED BY R.DHANARAJ AP/ MECH TAGORE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

  2. METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS UNIT I BASICS OF METROLOGY Introduction to Metrology – Need – Elements – Work piece, Instruments – Persons – Environment– their effect on Precision and Accuracy – Errors – Errors in Measurements – Types – Control – Gauges and Comparator - Types of standards.

  3. Prehistoric peopledidn’t have time to measure

  4. But over time….

  5. people started growing food

  6. and developing permanent settlements

  7. So, they needed a system of measurement…

  8. History of Measurement

  9. Egyptian Cubit • Used to build pyramids • Dependent on the pharaoh • Missed calibration was punishable by death!

  10. Fast-forward 5000 years to current measurement systems

  11. METROLOGY • The word derived from Greek “METRON” means to MEASURE. • “Science of measurement”. • Measurement is the language of science.

  12. International System of Measurement Metric System (SI) SEVEN BASE UNITS Mass Kilogram (kg) Length Meter (m) Time Second (s) Temperature Kelvin (K) Electric Current Ampere (A) Amount of Substance Mole (mol) Luminous Intensity Candela (cd)

  13. Calibration Engineer Calibration Technician Metrologist • Designs and runs measurement calibrations & tests • Analyzes the results • Determines the final accuracy of the device under test Metrologist

  14. Metrology Careers Scientific Metrology • Organization and development of measurement standards and their maintenance (highest level) NIST Atomic Clock Accurate to 1 s in 20 million years

  15. Metrology Careers Industrial Metrology • Adequate functioning of measurement instruments used in industry as well as production and testing processes

  16. Metrology Careers Legal Metrology • Measurements that influence economic transactions, health and safety

  17. Who Needs Accurate Measurements?

  18. Pharmaceutical Industry • Metrology laboratories test weights and volume standards for pharmaceutical companies • Products include medicines like aspirin, antibiotics, vaccines, insulin, & vitamins

  19. Defense Industry • Metrology laboratories test standards for many military and defense companies • These companies make the guidance systems for the Patriot missiles and other things that are top secret

  20. Space Station, Satellites…. • Metrology laboratories test standards for many companies that provide parts of the space shuttle • These parts include the metal, heat shield, electronics, fabrics, o-rings, optics, and tires

  21. Retail Measurements • State metrology laboratories test standards used to test retail scales and meters • These include gas pumps, produce scales, milk, bread and other packaged items, and price scanning systems

  22. Who Needs Accurate Measurements?Everybody! Weights and Measures measurements affect more than $6.6 trillion of the $13.2 trillion U.S. GDP (1996)

  23. Interested in Metrology?

  24. ENGINEERING METROLOGY

  25. ELEMENTS OF MEASUREMENTS • Measurand : It is physical quantity to be measured. • Reference : Phy-quantity – property to which Quantitative Comparison are made. • Comparator : Comparing Measurand with some reference. • Example • Length of table – Measurand • Steel rule – Reference • Eye – Comparator

  26. METROLOGY

  27. REED TYPE MECHANICAL COMPARATOR.

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