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Chapter 15

Chapter 15. The British Isles and Nordic Nations. Sect. 1 - England. Great Britain - Island the size of Minnesota U.K. - 3 formerly independent nations (England, Scotland, and Wales) plus N. Ireland 80% of the people live in England. England - cont. (sect. 1). Landscape of England:

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Chapter 15

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  1. Chapter 15 The British Isles and Nordic Nations

  2. Sect. 1 - England • Great Britain - Island the size of Minnesota • U.K. - 3 formerly independent nations (England, Scotland, and Wales) plus N. Ireland • 80% of the people live in England

  3. England - cont. (sect. 1) • Landscape of England: • Highlands, lowlands, and mid-land Highlands- on the Atlantic coast NE to SW Midlands - SE to Manchester Lowlands - fertile SE corner Relative location - London (70 miles from Europe) located on the Thames river Important port (1500s)

  4. Sect. 1 cont. • Industrial revolution - factories for manufacturing goods (workshop of the world) • Pennine Mt. - coal fields along the edge • Iron Ore - rocky material containing a valuable mineral - used to make steel and furthered the Industrial Revolution • U.S. and Germany passed Britain in the 1900s and today Britain relies heavily on imports

  5. The Chunnel • Underground tunnel from the U.K. to France • 31 miles long, 23 miles underground • 20 minutes to cross the English channel • Paris to London - 3 hours • 7,000 workers -seven years • 3 tunnels finished in 1994 • $14 billion to complete

  6. Section 2 - Scotland and Wales • Scotland 1/3 of the land of the U.K. but less than 10% of the population • Capital - Edinburgh • Cheviot hills and Tweed river - separated Scotland and England • Scotland - physical geography • N. Highlands • C. Lowlands • S. Uplands

  7. Highlands • Large, high plateau • Moors - broad treeless plains • Bogs - cover the moors , wet spongy ground • 3 types of veg. - grass, low shrubs and heather - purple flowers • Loch - Lake carved from glaciers • Loch ness - lock 90 miles west of Aberdeen • Nessie - monster that lives in Loch Ness • Economic activity - fishing and sheep • Tweed - type of woolen cloth

  8. Lowlands and Uplands • Lowlands - • 75% of the population live here • Industrial region • Glasgow - shipbuilding • Southern Uplands - • Sheep raising • Clyde valley - “Silicon Glen” - narrow valley (computer technology) • Oil discovered in the N. Sea far off of NE Scotland • Act of Union - 1707 Scotland and England united • Scotland kept important trade and political rights • Scotland - Presbyterian English - Church of England

  9. Wales • Wales has some independence but closely connected to England • Highland area in North, Lowlands in the South, and the Cambrian Mt. in the center • Wales - more rain than England • Welsh rep. have sat in parliament and 20% have retained their language • Coal mines near Cardiff were used up in the 80’s. Rely heavily on foreign investment and some tourism

  10. Two Irelands • Marine West Coast • Terrain - rolling interior plains surrounded by rugged hills and low mts. • West coast - sea cliffs • Ireland - DUBLIN N. Ireland - Belfast • Catholic Protestant (Church of England)

  11. Physical • Emerald Isle - green vegetation • Peat - spongy material containing waterlogged mosses and plants • -decays and forms a brownish matter , used for a resource - 1/4 of electricity • Covers 1/6 of Ireland

  12. Culture • Celtic tribes - first to settle in Ireland (300 B.C.) • Gaelic - Celtic language • 1066 - Norman invaders from France conquered Europe • Took over England and ruled the Celtic people • King Henry II of England tried to take over Ireland • Protestants vs. Catholic 1534 - Church of England started by Henry VIII • U.K. annexed Ireland so France wouldn’t get it

  13. Sect. 3 continued • 1921 - Ireland was divided • 1949 - Republic of Ireland was formed • 1840 - potato famine hit Ireland and many immigrated to the U.S. • Shannon Airport - refueling center • Ireland - 2003 uses the Euro

  14. REPUBLIC OF IRELAND 91 % catholic Want to see a united Ireland Poor 1949 - full independence from U.K. Connections to the IRA (terrorist group) What is the IRA - terrorists that want to see Britain out of Ireland completely -catholic members terrorists N. IRELAND Protestant majority Wealthy U.K. controlled Divided in 1921 IRA members have infiltrated the Gov. Sinn Fein - political group with links to the IRA Catholics in the North - (want to see Ireland together) Protestants in the North (loyal to Britain) Comparing Ireland and Northern Ireland

  15. Shared • Added to Britain in 1798 • Marine West coast climate • Emerald Isle • Bowl shaped landscape/ good for protection against invaders • Cattle ranching • Less impact on agriculture

  16. Section 4 - Nordic nations • Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark • Norden “Northlands” - Europeans call their land this • Danish (Denmark ) - “Flatlanders” • Impact of land from glaciers • 1. Created many lakes and rivers • 2. Took top soil from the Scandinavian Peninsula and deposited into parts of Denmark • 3. Carved valleys along the coast • 4. Fjords - flooded glacial valleys

  17. Sect. 4 cont. • Impact of the location to the North latitudes - long winters / short summers • Land of the Midnight Sun • Winter - 3 hours of sun • Summer - 20 hours of sun • White nights - long twilight hours • Many celebrations are planned around these hours

  18. Sect. 4 - cultural bonds • 1397 - all nations were united • 1523 - Sweden withdrew • Sweden and Finland were united until the 1800s • Religion - majority are protestant • Democracies - mixed economies (socialism and free enterprise) • Denmark and Sweden are the most socialized - state run day-care, health care, and elderly care

  19. Iceland • Land of fire and ice - volcanoes and glaciers • Geothermal energy is huge • One of the highest literacy rates in the world

  20. Other countries • Finland - plywood deforestation has become a large problem so the Gov. has taken control. • large Asian population • Denmark - constitutional monarchy • Cooperative farms, controls Greenland • Norway - 3 % arable land • Oil and natural gas in the North Sea • Hydroelectricity • Sweden - constitutional monarchy • Socialist - hospitals, education

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