Colonies Achieved Independence Through Armed Struggle

1. Colonies Achieved Independence Through Armed Struggle Fatima Hasan & Steven Zarling

2. Vietnam From French Empire • 1857-- Louis-Napoleon wanted an invasion • French warships were instructed to take Tourane (Central Coast of Vietnam) • Tourane captured in late 1858 along with many other parts of Vietnam

3. Treaty of Saigon • 1862-- the Vietnam king “TuDac” signed a treaty with the French rulers • Treaty of Saigon: • Three Vietnam provinces would go under the rule of French emperors. • Bien Hoa • GaiDinh • DinhTuong

4. Vietnam under French rule: • Huge economic growth with plantation & the export of: • indigo • tea • coffee • tobacco • French put emphasis on: • Adoption of Christianity • Western style education

5. A movement “Can Vuong” was formed in1885 in Vietnam to overthrow the French dominion. • The rebellion was subdued with exile of Emperor Ham Nghi.  • A communist army led by Ho Chi Minh began a revolt against French rule known as the First Indochina War. Vietnamese reading the Bible Map illustrates the amount of land France had under their control

6. Algeria From French Empire • One of France’s longest held territoriesoverseas • Algeria became a destination for hundreds of thousands of European immigrants • Lack of political and economic status • Started demands for greater political autonomy among the Muslims • Eventually they wanted independence • Violent events occurred  Algerian War • Ended in 1962, Algeria gained complete independence

8. 1:12 – 2:086:33-7:43 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7B1uVoMyk2M • To get information during the war, the French conducted torture to graphic to mention in this presentation • Had undergone so many struggles, that they wanted freedom from the French Empire

9. Angola Before Portuguese Took Over • When Portuguese explorers reached the Kongo Kingdom, Angola did not exist • Portuguese were interested in trade • Mostly slave trade • Portuguese helped the locals: • Christianized natives • Taught to read • Writing in Portuguese

10. Angola Under Portuguese Rule • 1951  Portuguese Colony of Angola became an oversea province of Portugal • Late 1950s  People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) • Organized strategies/action plans to fight Portuguese rule • Force Labor System affected many of the natives • Relocated natives from their homes • Had to preform brutal labor

11. Angola Warfare • Angolan War of Independence: • 1961-1975 • Guerrilla warfare against Portugal and all other groups • Three nationalist movements and a separatist movement • Signed the AlvorAgreement White Mercenaries were recruited to fight Angola

12. Angola Independence • Alvor Agreement: • Signed on January 15, 1975, granted Angola independence from Portugal on November 11 • Ended the war for independence • Later marked the start of a civil war • The government established by the agreement soon fell • The nationalist groups were distrustful of one another • Were not willing to share power • As a result, war broke out for power between the nationalist groups

13. Works Cited • http://countrystudies.us/vietnam/15.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Indochina • http://www.mongabay.com/history/vietnam/vietnam-under_french_rule.html • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=vietnam+under+french+rule&view=detail&id=52CFBB7AC2C45A77A48142425E415D1216E3C711&first=61&FORM=IDFRIR • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvor_Agreement • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=angola+under+the+portuguese&view=detail&id=1073CB015FEA7C04D73C82E77FBE0E1202130F37&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=white+mercenaries+angola&view=detail&id=0F51799E367793E03671B48782ABFD41FD05D903&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR