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Studies Carried Out in Istanbul Facing an Earthquake Disaster

Studies Carried Out in Istanbul Facing an Earthquake Disaster. M. Özhan YAĞCI İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The main principle of the Municipality is to prevent and protect individuals against the risk rather than to rescue them from the debris.

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Studies Carried Out in Istanbul Facing an Earthquake Disaster

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  1. Studies Carried Out in Istanbul Facing an Earthquake Disaster M.Özhan YAĞCI İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality

  2. The main principle of the Municipality is to prevent and protect individuals against the risk rather than to rescue them from the debris. ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY CARRIES OUT DISASTER STUDIES UNDER 2 BASIC TOPICS 1- RISK MANAGEMENT SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STUDIES 2- DISASTER MANAGEMENT EMERGENCY RESPONSESTUDIES

  3. 1- SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STUDIES a)- Studies on Urban Geology b)- Earthquake Stations c)- Earthquake Prediction Project d)- Emergency Transportation Action Plan ( Earthquake,flood and snow) e)- International Meetings and Publications f)-Microzonation and Disaster Prevention/Mitigation Basic Plan g)- Earthquake Master Plan for Istanbul (EMPI) h)- Implementation of EMPI (Zeytinburnu Pilot Project)

  4. SOME of Ongoing STUDIES a)- Offshore Projects[Detection of potentialland slide areas and faults (IBB/ITU)] b)-Microzonation Project [Preparation of 1/2000 Microzonation Maps to be based to Land Use &Construction Plans] c)- FORESIGTH Project [Frequent Observation-driven Realistic Evaluation & Simulationof InteractingGeophysical Hazard Triggers(IBB-EU-TUBITAK)] d)-HAZTURK Project [Creating standards for Risk Mitigation by adapting the HAZUS(FEMA) to local scale (IBB/ ITU)] e)-Megacities Project [Turkish-German joint project for vulnerability analysisby microzonation and remote detection.]

  5. a)- Studies on Urban Geology: On the basis of construction plans 1/5000 scale permitted settlement,geotechnical/geological mapping studies completed in digital environment. b)- Earthquake Stations : To watch the micro-seismic activity of Istanbul, 14 Monitoring and Recording Stations founded. (IBB-TUBITAK-BU/Kandilli) c)-Earthquake Prediction Project: By means of 16 deep well stations located near to the fault lines within the region, the physical and chemical changes of the mineral water sources and ‘radon’ gasare daily monitored to determine the relationship with possible earthquakes.(IBB-TUBITAK)

  6. d)- Emergency Transportation Action Plan: The studies completed to create alternative routes to reach main roads, bridges, coastal passages, air and sea lines as well asrailway Systems, Tent areas, health facilities, administrative and educational institutions as well as logistic support units. Setting up of 72 heliports. e)-International Meetings and Publications: Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality have hosted many national and international meetings (ex; The Second EMI Meeting on 17th August 2000) and published earthquake guidebooks,documents and reports to increase public awareness.

  7. f)-Disaster Prevention/Mitigation Basic Plan including Microzonation A joint project carried out with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), aiming to analyze the risk on the basis of two different earthquake scenario. Building and population data for the project area. Total : Approx. 750,000 buildings, 3,040,000 families and 9,000,000 People(Night Population)

  8. Earthquake Scenarios for Determining the Damage Model C L=174km, M=7.7 Model A L=119km,M=7.5 Postulated Earthquake Damages and Post-Event Needs • Heavily damaged buildings : 50,000 - 60,000 • Homeless: 500,000 - 600,000 • Death toll : 70,000 - 90,000 • 135.000 injured • 1,000 - 2,000 water pipe damages • 30,000 Natural Gas service box damages • 3% damage in power lines • 8% of the public facilities (schools, hospitals, etc.) will be heavily damaged • 20 out of 460 bridges have high possibility of collapse • 300.000 tents required • Rescue operations for 1.000.000 people • 40 billion US$ economic loss

  9. Distribution of Peak Ground Acceleration : Model C

  10. Number of heavily damaged buildings: Model C

  11. Recommendations from the JICA Study onDisaster Prevention/Mitigation Basic Plan Including Microzonation Short and Medium Term Measures • Retrofitting of Public Facilities (Hospitals, Schools,City Hall, etc.) • Retrofitting of Infrastructure (Bridges, Port Facilities, Lifelines) • Campaign for Raising Awareness on Disaster Prevention Long Term Measures • Master Plan for Earthquake Disaster Prevention • Formulation of Urban Redevelopment Plan Aimed at Earthquake-Resistant City • Promotion of Research on Earthquake-Resistant Buildings • Establishment of Credit System for Earthquake-Resistant Housing • Institutional System Improvement for Disaster Management

  12. g)- Istanbul Earthquake Master Plan for Istanbul: (EMPI) The scope of Earthquake Master Plan for Istanbul comprised of the works in the following areas; a)Assessment of current situation b) Technical issues (Seismic assessment & rehabilitation of existing buildings) c) Administrative issues d)Urban planning issues e)Legal issues f )Financial issues g)Educational issues h)Social issues i)Risk and Disaster management issues

  13. EMPI is essentially a social contract between Central Government Local Government District Municipalities ‘ACTION PLAN’ Institutions Enterprises NGO’s identifying responsibilities, commitments, and methods of supervisory functions

  14. EMPI • The purpose of EMPI is not to retrofit all buildings but to enhance safety and total quality of life in Istanbul. • EMPI is an endless process; yet has its short and medium-term targets. • EMPI not only aims to reduce risks in existing urban environment but to avoid vulnerabilities in the formation of new urban environment. • EMPI will lead Urban Development Projects and Local Transformation Programs ‘ACTION PLAN’

  15. The seismic assessment of buildings is proposed to be done in three stages • The first stage inspection/evaluation; “street survey” • The second stage assessment; more detailed assessment /evaluation; • The third stage detailed assessment /evaluation; Simplified strengthening vs comprehensive strengthening

  16. List of works require financing Pre-Earthquake: - Studies on earthquake vulnerability and safety - Technical investigation and strengthening (or re-location) of public structures (hospitals, schools, key government buildings, infrastructure, bridges, dams, etc.) - Technical investigation and strengthening (or re-location) of private buildings (residential, commercial and industrial buildings) - Other related works mentioned in the Master Plan. Post Earthquake: - Provision of shelter, food, medical and social services to citizens - Technical investigation, repair and reconstruction of public and private buildings and structures.

  17. h)-Implementation of EMPI (Zeytinburnu Pilot Project) The implementation of EMPI started under the guidance of 4 universities comprising a group of specialist staff. A trained team of 70 engineers and architects started to analyze the buildings (apprx. 20,000 buildings) within the pilot area by following the methodologies described in EMPI. The Study was finished by the end of 2004 and started to be applied to whole city. 400 Million US$ of credit issued by the World Bank to finance the retrofitting of the buildings, disaster management and planning studies.

  18. BÜYÜKÇEKMECE BAYRAMPAŞA GÜNGÖREN ZEYTİNBURNU BAHÇELİEVLER EMİNÖNÜ AVCILAR FATİH BAKIRKÖY ADALAR OTHER DISTRICTS in PRIORITY

  19. 2- EMERGENCY RESPONSE STUDIES Disaster Coordination Center (AKOM) Every Wednesday, the related units and authorities meet regularly to report and discuss their works to complete their preparations to mitigate possible damages from expected major earthquake..

  20. AKOM IMM Deputy Secretary General AKOM DIRECTORATE(Fire-brigade Manager) Director of AKOM FIRE BRIGADEDEP. HEALTH DEP. TRANS PORTATION DEP. ENTERP. DEP. HEAD DEFENCE SECRETARY DIR. OF TECHNICAL AFFAIRS SOIL & EARTH. DEP. FOREIGN RELATIONS İGDAŞ İSKİ

  21. List of Current Hardware/Software at AKOM • Live Broadcasting Vehicle • Video Cameras ( at 55 points ) • Real Time Disaster Recovery Systems/ Backup Systems • Emergency Response and Early Warning System • Video Conference System • Fiber-optic Cable Network • GIS Database • Meteorology Unit

  22. 15 million US$ allocated for modernization process of Department of Fire Brigade. Two centers for emergency response and 38 new mobile teams established. Search and Rescue Teams of AKOM comprising 1400 fire fighters and 750 rescuers are fully equipped with audio-visual search detectors, cutting and breaking device etc. 5000 volunteers trained for first aid.

  23. To facilitate transportation after a disaster, sea transportation reorganized and sea busses are equipped fully to serve as mobile hospital. More than 5000 hydrants constructed to meet the water demand after a disaster. With the cooperation of World Health Organization and Universities we developed a prescription for long time lasting bread. Capacity of 2 million bread pieces per day Fire Risk Map of the city was prepared.

  24. Thank you www.ibb.gov.tr

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