New Zealand Today: Future Directions From the perspective of the Youth Court of New Zealand

1. Philanthropy New Zealand Conference Wellington - 28March 2007 Andrew Becroft Principal Youth Court Judge Te Kaiwhakawa Matua o Te Kooti Taiohi New Zealand Today: Future Directions From the perspective of the Youth Court of New Zealand

2. Some of the great all time lies ... At home “This is going to hurt me more than it hurts you …” “You look great in that …” “I only read it for the articles …” “The camera doesn’t lie …” “Sorry I’m late, the traffic was really busy tonight …” Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

3. Some great lies …. At work “The cheque is in the post …” “Actually, I just dictated a letter to you before you rang…” “I’m sorry, he/she is in a meeting …” “I only had half a glass of wine over lunch…” Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

4. Some great lies …. In sport “I’ve always been drug free …” Ben Johnson, 1988, after winning Olympic 100 meters final “I have always been faithful to Victoria …” David Beckham “I didn’t add anything to the tea, Mr Mains” Susie the Waitress “I don’t own a mobile phone…” Shane Warne Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

5. Some great lies …. In World Affairs “That wooden horse is just a gift, honest …” “I have brought peace in our time …” 1938, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain “The Beatles? They are a passing phase…” 1965, Billy Graham “There can be no whitewash in the White House” 1971, President Richard Milhouse Nixon “I did not have sexual relations with that woman” 1998, President William Jefferson Clinton Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

6. 3 big misunderstandings about Youth Justice ... 1. Youth offending is sky rocketing out of control 2. Youth offenders are all the same 3. Concerned individuals and the community can’t do much to stop youth offending…now or in the future Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

7. Outline 1. What I see now the real picture about youth offending and youth offenders - fact or fiction? (See handout sheet) 2. Philanthropic priorities now 3. The Future? Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

8. What is the real picture about youth offending? “There are a number of children running about the streets of Dunedin . . . without the control of parents. If the government does not take them in hand . . . they will become . . . members of a criminal class”. Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

9. What is the real picture about youth offending? (contd) “There is a definite relationship between the increase in the number of children on the streets and the increase in juvenile crime”. First headline from The Otago Daily Times 1884; second in 1886 Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

10. Capital & Coast Youth Forensic Services Statistics: 2000-2004n = 276 • 83% Male • Maori over-represented (48%) • 70% faced cannabis and alcohol issues • 16% drug dependent; 14% alcohol dependent • 18% attending school; 28% attending course/training; 45% unemployed • 45% excluded/expelled from school • 55% attended more than one school/transient • 60% in CYFS care at some stage • 12% living with both parents; 28% with one parent Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

11. 2. Philanthropic priorities: The “Four Legs” • A helpful framework • Vital is understanding a young person’s life • All here are directly or indirectly involved in one of these 4 legs • The four areas • Home • School • Friends/Peers • Community Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

12. Home • Very few serious youth offenders from stable, two-parent, homes • not saying “every solo mother breeds a criminal” • not making judgement about separation • Most serious young offenders lack a positive, male, role model • Family disadvantage - dysfunction usually of fundamental importance Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

13. School • “Increasing attendance and participation in school by young people a key factor in reducing anti-social behaviour and offending” • Not all truants/non-enrolled young people offend: but overwhelming majority of offenders are truants or not enrolled • May not be causative; but a clear link exists • Every young person kept at school is one less potential career criminal Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

14. Friends/Peers • Young people seek out role models like heat seeking missile • Only issue: who is it that they associate with? Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

15. Community “Connectedness” “A kid in sport stays out of Court” sign outside Blenheim airport • A young person involved in sport, or any organised, positive community activity, stays out of Youth Court • A very protective factor - builds resilience: good friends, good role models, good discipline, fulfilment and success Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

16. Some suggested priorities... • I am no expert • “Fools rush in where angels fear to tread” • Not here to preach or lecture • My aim to provoke and encourage reflection Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

17. Some suggested priorities... 1. Encouraging family stability 2. Parenting programmes - especially those working with “at risk” mothers, particularly single, young parents 3. Family based early intervention programmes: eg Early Start and the Family Help Trust 4. The battle is won and lost by age 5. Saint Ignatius Loyola was right! 5. Targetted, focused, early intervention programmes that work Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

18. Some suggested priorities 1. Mentoring programmes, especially for boys 2. Programmes designed to keep young people involved in education or a meaningful alternative 3. “Programmes” that “work”for young people and which build connectedness Drug and alcohol Mental Health Serious young offenders Note: Youth Offending Services Effectiveness Checklist: Kaye McLaren - MSD. Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

19. 3. Future Directions Government Statistician says…. Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

20. The Changing Face of New Zealand Brian Pink Government Statistician

21. THE AGEING OF OUR POPULATION A Phenomena In Many OECD Countries

22. 2001 Census Usually Resident Population Count Enter 'Presentation Title - Section Title' here - View menu, Header/Footer

23. Population age structure – 2004 and 2051 Enter 'Presentation Title - Section Title' here - View menu, Header/Footer

24. Ageing Population, New Zealand, 1966-2051 Enter 'Presentation Title - Section Title' here - View menu, Header/Footer

25. Population aged 65+ years Population 5-yearly change Enter 'Presentation Title - Section Title' here - View menu, Header/Footer

26. POPULATION AND THE CHANGING ETHNIC COMPOSITION

27. Projected Share of 5-17 Year Age Group in Ethnic Groups, Series 6 Enter 'Presentation Title - Section Title' here - View menu, Header/Footer

28. EDUCATION AND WORK Implications of Population Dynamics

29. Educational age groups Enter 'Presentation Title - Section Title' here - View menu, Header/Footer

30. GROWING REGIONAL DIFFERENCES The Rate and Composition of Change

31. North-South population distribution Enter 'Presentation Title - Section Title' here - View menu, Header/Footer

32. Projected regional population change2001–2026 Enter 'Presentation Title - Section Title' here - View menu, Header/Footer

33. SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS A Few Broad Challenges

34. Human Capital • 35% of Mäori students and 27% of Pacific students left school with no qualifications in 2002, compared with 12% of all other students • Little change between 1991-2002

35. Projected ‘age of retirement’to maintain the 2001 ‘aged dependency ratio’1 1. Number of people aged 65+ years per 100 people aged 15–64 years. Enter 'Presentation Title - Section Title' here - View menu, Header/Footer

36. Projected Dependency Ratio, 2004, 2016 & 2026 Enter 'Presentation Title - Section Title' here - View menu, Header/Footer

37. The real solution??? Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

38. Conclusion “To nourish children and raise them against the odds is in any time, any place more valuable than to fix bolts in cars or design nuclear weapons” Marilyn French “There is always one moment in childhood when the door opens and lets the future in” “The Power and the Glory”, Graham Greene Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

39. Hemi’s song I’m sorry for all the pain that I caused Putting your family through something I could never have stopped And now I’m staring at the stars thinking of what i have done Something stupid of course what was I thinking of Looking for my mentality but that was lost Back in the days BC id be pinned to a cross But instead I’m writing this rhyme because you gave me a chance So in the words that I write You should know that they came from my heart You opened my eyes despising what I had done Look above and find the strength to carry on…. Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007

40. Hemi’s song verse 2 The stupid things I’ve done in my life Creating enemies that want to bring a lot of strife We’d fight On the streets Is probably where you would see me Drugged out struggling to breath But now im down on my knees With a million apologies Please time freeze wish I could turn back the time Rewind but its all over and done A new era begun The sun has risen And its shining through This song I compose is dedicated to you. Philanthropy New Zealand Conference - 28 March 2007