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Understanding Earthquake Mechanics Through Creative Experiments and Safety Preparations

Explore the science of earthquakes with engaging experiments like the popsicle activity and Alka-Seltzer balloon reaction. Discover how stress and geological forces shape the Earth's crust through various fault types, including transform, convergent, and divergent boundaries. Learn to assess earthquake risks and safety measures for buildings, such as base isolation and flexible materials. This guide offers a comprehensive overview of seismic waves, earthquake damage, and preparedness strategies to keep you safe in an earthquake-prone environment.

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Understanding Earthquake Mechanics Through Creative Experiments and Safety Preparations

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  1. Earthquakes 5.1

  2. Popsicle Activity • EXPERIMENT by Holding the popsicle stick on each side with both hands. • Slowly bend it into an arch. • Release pressure and OBSERVE. • Repeat steps 1 and 2, but continue to bend towards one another. ANALYZE. What do you conclude?

  3. Alka-Seltzer in balloon activity • Place 1 Alka-Seltzer tablet in a balloon. • Pour in 1 cup vinegar. • Tie balloon and OBSERVE. Analyze your data. What do you conclude?

  4. Earthquakes stress • Are formed by ______________, or a force acting on a rock to change or deform it. • A _________ along a plate boundary is a break in the Earth’s__________. Crust Mantle Core fault

  5. Boundaries • Transform • STRESS – Shearing (like scissors) • FAULT – Strike-slip • Example – San Andreas Fault, CA

  6. San Andreas Fault

  7. Plateau Boundaries • Convergent • STRESS – Compression • FAULT – Reverse • Example – Appalachian Mountains Hanging Wall Foot Wall

  8. Appalachian Mountains

  9. Boundaries • Divergent • STRESS – Tension • FAULT – normal • Example – Rio Grande Rift Valley Hanging Wall Foot Wall

  10. Rio Grande

  11. Folds • Not a crack or break, but a bend • Anticline – Top • Syncline – Bottom • Example – Black Hills of South Dakota Draw here

  12. Mt. Rushmore

  13. Earthquakes 5.2 Measurement

  14. Slinky activity

  15. Waves Primary • P Waves – • S Waves – • Surface Waves - Secondary Surface

  16. Travels epicenter fault focus

  17. “Rating” Machines effects • Mercalli – • Richter – • Moment Magnitude Scale – intensity energy

  18. Data Analysis • See overhead

  19. Recording Station and Epicenters • Gizmos • www.explorelearning.com • LAB – 5 points

  20. Hazards and Safety 5.3 Pgs 74-77F

  21. Earthquake Damage • S waves • Severe shaking damages or destroys buildings, bridges, utility poles gas and water pipes, etc • Landslides, avalanches, or tsunamis (distance wide, height short) • Fires and floods

  22. Soil • Solid rock better than sand • Liquification – loose soil turns to mud

  23. Safe Building • Stronger and more flexible • Location • steep slope? Fault? • Reinforce walls (see teacher example) • Anchored to ground • Base-Isolated – rests on shock absorbers “Shake not Break” • Flexible joints • Automatic shut-off valves • Fixed-Based -

  24. In an Earthquake • Stay away from falling debris • Drop, cover, hold • Outside – open area • Earthquake kit

  25. “Preparedness Now” http://www.shakeout.org/downloads/PreparednessNow_50mb_081107.mov

  26. USGSCAL EMA • http://www.shakeout.org/drill/

  27. Review

  28. Earthquake Proof Room • 16 points • Draw and label 4 stay safe solutions • Par. Describing • Earthquake • Dangers • Why you chose the solutions • Neat scholarly, scale

  29. Earthquake Proof Structure • Rubric “Shake, Rattle and Roll”

  30. Study Guide • MC wkst • Reverse crossword • Pgs 84-85F

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