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Understanding Meiosis: A Detailed Overview

Meiosis, similar to mitosis, involves genetic division but results in haploid cells with half the genetic material. Human meiosis includes oogenesis and spermatogenesis, with distinctive phases like Meiosis I and II. Cross-over events during Meiosis I result in new genetic combinations, emphasizing the advantage of sexual reproduction.

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Understanding Meiosis: A Detailed Overview

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  1. Meiosis • Similar in many ways to mitosis • Several differences however • Involves 2 cell divisions • Results in 4 cells with 1/2 the normal genetic information. • Vocabulary: • Diploid (2N) - Normal amount of genetic material • Haploid (N) - 1/2 the genetic material. • Meiosis results in the formation of haploid cells. • In Humans, these are the Ova (egg) and sperm. • Ova are produced in the ovaries in females • Process is called oogenesis • Sperm are produced in the testes of males. • Process is called spermatogenesis • Meiosis occurs in 2 phases: Meiosis 1 & Meiosis 2

  2. Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis

  3. Meiosis I. • Prior to division, amount of DNA doubles

  4. Metaphase 1 • During metaphase 1 homologous chromosomes line-up along the metaphase plate • Areas of homologous chromosomes connect at areas called chiasmata

  5. Crossing Over • Segments of homologous chromosomes break and reform at similar locations. • Results in new genetic combinations of offspring. • This is the main advantage of sexual reproduction

  6. Anaphase 1 • During anaphase 1, each homologous chromosome is pulled to opposite sides of the cell. Unlike mitosis, THE CENTROMERES DO NOT BREAK. • Nuclei may or may not reform following division. • Cytokenesis may or may not occur.

  7. Meiosis II • DNA does not double • Chromosomes randomly line-up along metaphase plate like regular mitosis. • During anaphase 2, CENTROMERES BREAK and each chromosome is pulled to opposite sides of the cell. • Nuclei reform and cytokenesis usually occurs (although it is often unequal).

  8. Overview of Meiosis

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