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Coulomb’s Law

Coulomb’s Law. French physicist Coulomb came up with the idea in 1785 that a quantitative relationship existed between separated electric charges A Coulomb is the charge of 6.25 x 10 18 electrons or protons (big value) From using his self-built torsion balance, Coulomb

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Coulomb’s Law

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  1. Coulomb’s Law

  2. French physicist Coulomb came up with the idea in 1785 that a quantitative relationship existed between separated electric charges • A Coulomb is the charge of 6.25 x 1018 electrons or protons (big value) • From using his self-built torsion balance, Coulomb came up with the following ideas:

  3. The force (F) between two charges (q1 and q2) was directly related to the product of the two charges F proportional to q1 x q2 Two small charges make a small force Two medium charges make a medium force Two highly charged objects make a LARGE force

  4. The force (F) between the two charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them (d2) As the distance between the two charges INCREASES, the force between them DECREASES

  5. Coulomb’s Law Formula: F = kq1q2 d2 • k is Coulomb’s Law constant k = 9.0 x 109 Nm2/C2 F is measured in Newtons q is measured in Coulomb’s d is measured in meters

  6. When solving using Coulomb’s Law, since it is a force, the direction is important • A negative force means that the two objects are attracted to one another (opposites) • A positive force means that the two objects are repelled by one another (same charge)

  7. Example The electron and proton of a hydrogen atom are separated on average by a distance of about 5.3 x 10-11 m. Calculate the attractive force between the two particles. (use reference table to get charge of proton and electron…remember proton = positive and electron = negative)

  8. F = kq1q2 d2 What do we know? K = 9.0 x 109 Nm2/C2 q1 = -1.6 x 10-19 C q2 = 1.6 x 10-19 C d = 5.3 x 10-11 m

  9. F = (9.0 x 109)(-1.6 x 10-19)(1.6 x 10-19) (5.3 x 10-11)2 F = -2.304 x 10-28 2.809 x 10-21 F = -8.2 x 10-8 N Remember, negative force let’s us know that they are opposite charges and therefore they are attracted to one another!

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