Odonata VáVžky Rozšírenie: Európa: 128 druhov na Zemi: cca 5 300 druhov na Slovensku: 76 druhov

1. OdonataVáVžkyRozšírenie:Európa: 128 druhovna Zemi: cca 5 300 druhovna Slovensku: 76 druhov Vážky (ODONATA)

2. Rad:Odonata Zygoptera (damselflies) 3 podrady Anisozygoptera Anisoptera (dragonflies) Japonsko, Nepál

3. Life History • Good fossil record, 250 mya – Protodonata from upper Carboniferous (325 mya) • Unknown if earliest Odonata had aquatic larvae – Earliest fossil record during Lower Permian • Hemimetabolous with prolarva (10 – 15 instars) • Palaeopterous • Adults & larva are beneficial predators • Larvae exhibit conspicuous diversity of form & behavior • Excellent visual acuity

5. Larva šidla Larva šidielka

7. Odonata Egg • • Hatches within 8-30 days, or • when submerged by water • • Some have winter diapause • • Some show considerable • variation within clutch • – Pantala flavescens, eggs from • single clutch hatched over 35 • days • – Epitheca – even longer

9. Odonata Oviposition • • In tandem or alone• Tandem pairs tap water surface or perch• Male may release female while flying over water• Males may guard females (Libellulidae)• Eggs number from 200-5,000+/female

10. Respiration • Adults – via thoracic & abdominal spiracles • Larvae – • Zygoptera: chiefly cutaneous (via wing pads inlater instars), supplemented by caudal lamellae • Anisoptera: rectal gills; also used for jet • propulsion • In emergencies will come to surface

11. Prolarva • – 1st larval instar • – unable to walk or swim, but…. • – specialized for travel between oviposition site • and micro-habitat for free-living larva • – Doesn’t feed • – Generally short lived

12. Odonata Naiad • Larval stage lasts few weeks to 8 years • Detect prey predominately with eyes or mechanoreceptors • Prey capture facilitated by prehensile labium • • Found in temporary or permanent habitats • – Fern bracts, tree holes, bromeliads • • Some are semiaquatic • • Feeding behavior: • (1) detecting prey • (2) Ejecting labium to grasp prey • (3) employing mandibles to devour prey

13. Tvar tracheálnych žiaber

14. Zmeny tvaru žiaber počas ontogenézy

15. Suchozemská larva

16. Zvliekanie (ecdysis) 1

30. 14

31. 16

32. 17

39. LOTICKÉ BIOTOPY a./ krenál až rithrál (horské a podhorské oblasti) cenóza Cordulegaster (bidentatus, boltoni) - Ophiogomphus cecilia sprievodné druhy: Calopteryx virgo b/ potamál (nížinné úseky väčších riek) cenóza Gomphus (vulgatissimus, flavipes, simillimus) - Calopteryx splendens sprievodné druhy: Onychogomphus forcipatus, Somatochlora metallica.

40. LENITICKÉ BIOTOPY a/ horské rašeliniská, vrchoviská, plesá cenóza Agrion (hastulatum) - Leucorrhinia (dubia) - Aeshna (juncea). sprievodné druhy: Coenagrion hastulatum, Somatochlora arctica, S. alpestris , Aeshna subarctica. b/ rašeliniská a slatiny podhorského a nížinného stupňa cenóza Leucorrhinia (pectoralis, albifrons, caudalis) c/ rybníky, vodné nádrže s voľnou vodnou hladinou cenóza Erythromma (najas, viridulum) - Anax (imperator, parthenope)

41. LENITICKÉ BIOTOPY d/ eutrofné, prehrievané menšie vodné biotopy, materiálové jamy, mŕtve ramená vodné nádrže, atď. cenóza Lestes (dryas, virens, barbatus, sponsa) - Sympetrum (sanquineum, flaveolum) - Aeshna (affinis, mixta). e/ prietočné ramená väčších riek, melioračné kanály cenóza Orthetrum (cancellatum, brunneum, albistylum) - Platetrum depressum - Sympterum (vulgatum, striolatum)

42. ZYGOPTERA_Tracheálne dýchanie