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APA Style: an Overview Centralia College Writing Center

Kemp 105: Hours vary Faculty Coordinator, Linda G. Foss English Department. APA Style: an Overview Centralia College Writing Center. APA Style: an Overview. This presentation will cover: 2009 updates to APA General APA guidelines First page format Section headings In-text citations

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APA Style: an Overview Centralia College Writing Center

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  1. Kemp 105: Hours vary Faculty Coordinator, Linda G. Foss English Department APA Style: an OverviewCentralia CollegeWriting Center

  2. APA Style: an Overview • This presentation will cover: • 2009 updates to APA • General APA guidelines • First page format • Section headings • In-text citations • Formatting quotations • Reference page citations

  3. 2009 Update The APA modified guidelines for: • Formatting section headings • Report data in various forms, including graphs, charts, etc. • Citing digital materials without page numbers • Citing electronic sources to reflect changes in technology

  4. Rule #1: Ask Your Instructor Always follow your instructor’s guidelines and don’t be afraid to ask for information, samples or reliable reference guides.

  5. Format: General Guidelines • Margins: one inch on all sides (top, bottom, left, right) • Font Size and Type: 12-point Times Roman • Line Spacing: Double-spaced, including the title page, body of the document, and references page. • Spacing after Punctuation: Space once after all punctuation. Alignment: Flush left (creating uneven right margin) • Paragraph Indentations: 5 spaces (or standard ½” tab) • Running Heads: The paper title appears in caps in upper left and page number in the upper right header • Paper: Use plain white 81/2 x 11 paper. Multiple pages are stapled in the upper left-hand corner. Do NOT enclose in binder or file. • IF a cover page is required:Center paper’s title, author(s) names, and course/college name on 3 lines.

  6. Format: First Page No title page Double space everything including headings In the upper left corner of the 1st page, list your name, your instructor’s name, the course, and date Center the paper title (use standard caps but no underlining, italics, quotation marks, or bold) Create a header ½” from the top of page with runninghead in caps on left and inserted page number on right

  7. Format: Section Headings • APA papers are typically divided into major sections: Abstract, Method, Results, Discussion, which should appear centered, in bold-face, and in upper and lower case. • IF subheadings are used, the second level should be flush left, bold-face, upper and lower case; the third level should be indented, bold-face, upper and lower case. • Top-down progression is used, for example if there are three levels of headings, you would use Levels 1, 2, and 3. • The introductory section to a paper does not require a heading since it is assumed that the first section in your document is an introduction.

  8. Sample Section Headings Level 1 Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading Level 2 Flush Left, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading Level 3 Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. Level 4 Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. Level 5 Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.

  9. Citations: the Basics • “Whether paraphrasing, quoting an author directly, or describing ideas that influenced your work, you must credit the source” (APA, 2010, p.170). • Typically APA uses an author-date citation system that provides enough information in parentheses for the source to be located on the alphabetical reference list at end of paper. • The information within the parenthetical citations depends on the medium and whether page numbers are visible.

  10. Author-Date Style In-text Example: Although Russia has regained her autonomy and independence economically in recent years, many citizens are silent in their public opinion (Coleman & McCulloch, 1990). Corresponding References Entry: Coleman, P.G. & McCulloch, A.W. (1990). Societal change, values and social support: exploratory studies into adjustment in late life. Journal of Aging Studies, 4(4), 321-332.

  11. Format: Quotations Short quotations should be blended into sentences: • According to some, dreams express “profound aspects of personality” (Foulkes, 2005), though others disagree. • According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express “profound aspects of personality” (2005). Quotations of 40 or more words should be as explained in this block quote: In a freestanding block of text and omit the quotations marks. Start such a block quotation on a new line and indent the block about a half inch from the left margin (in the same position as a new paragraph. If there are additional paragraphs within the quotation, indent the first line of each an additional half inch. (APA, 2010)

  12. Adding/Omitting Words Added Words are bracketed: Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: “some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale” (2003). Omitted Words are indicated by elipsis: In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that “some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale . . . and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs” (2003).

  13. Format: References page • The list of sources should begin on a new page with a centered heading: References. • The list should be double-spaced with a hanging indent of ½” for run over lines. • Sources should be listed alphabetically by whatever name or major word begins the citation.

  14. Format: Citing Books • Author, A. (year). Title of book. Location: Publisher. Burns, N. (2002). The Chaos Theory, New York: Norton. • Editor, A. (year). Title of book. Location: Publisher. Wallace, S. (2010). History of the World. London: Pearson. • Author, A. (year). Title of book. URL. Smith, T. (2012). America. Retrieved from http://www. University of Maryland.edu.

  15. Format: Citing Websites • Title of article (Date). Retrieval information New child vaccine gets funding boost. (2001). Retrieved March 21, 2001, from http://news.ninemsn.com.au/health/story • Title of webpage (Date). Retrieval information Learn APA Style. (2012). Retrieved November 7, 2012, from http://www.apastyle.org/learn/ faqs/web-page-no-author.aspx

  16. Format: Citing Periodicals • Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Online Periodical, volume number(issue number if available). Retrieved from URL Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, 149. Retrieved from http://www.alistapart.com • Author(s) (Date of publication). Title of Article. Title of Periodical, Volume (Issue), pages. Medium of publication. Clark, G. (2001). No more aches and pains. Woman’s Day, 65(1), 54-56. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com

  17. For comprehensive information about APA style, visit their website: http://www.apastyle.org/ Or visit us online at: http://www.centralia.edu/academics/ Writingcenter/ OR http://owl.centralia.edu

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