HANTAVIRUS

1. HANTAVIRUS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW Presented by: Angelique Rusk Public Health Graduate Student at Walden University

2. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN TODAY • Illness • Transmission • Risks • Prevention

3. WHAT IS HANTAVIRUS? • Group of viruses • Carried by rodents • Can cause rare but deadly disease called Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome or HPS for short Washington Department of Health. Hantavirus

4. THE SOURCE Deer mouse Cotton rat • Deer mouse Photos courtesy of the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries

5. TRANSMISSON OF VIRUS Picture courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

6. THE VIRUS • 1-5 weeks after exposure • Fever • Severe muscle aches • Fatigue • A few days after symptoms begin • Difficulty breathing • Can sometimes include headaches, dizziness, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain Infection can lead to lung failure and death Centers For Disease Control and Prevention. Facts about hantaviruses

7. VIRUS STATISTICS Washington: • Since 1993 there have been 40 cases reported with 13 (33%) associated deaths • One to five cases reported each year • 14% of over 1,100 tested deer mice have been infected with Sin Nombre virus United States: • Cases reported in all states except for Hawaii and Alaska • Through June of 1999, 217 cases reported • 5 pediatric cases reported in 2009 Washington State Department of Health 1999 &2010 CDC

8. ACTIVITES THAT INCREASE YOUR RISK • Sweeping out a barn and other ranch buildings • Trapping and studying mice • Entering a barn infested with mice • Planting or harvesting field crops • Occupying previously vacant dwellings • Disturbing rodent-infested areas while hiking or camping • Living in dwellings with a sizable indoor rodent population Work Safe BC. A hantavirus risk control program for employers and workers.

9. OCCUPATIONAL RISKS • Some occupations will put people at a higher risk • Plumbers • Maintenance workers • Telephone installers • Electricians • Construction workers Work Safe BC. A hantavirus exposure control program for employers and workers.

10. PREVENTIONINDOORS • Prevent access to food • Keep food in thick plastic or metal containers with tight lids • Do not leave pet food out overnight • Keep garbage in thick plastic or metal containers with tight lids • Trap mice Photo courtesy of getridofpests.com

11. PREVENTION INDOORS • Prevent entry to home • Check home for holes or gaps and seal Photo courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Facts about hantavirus

12. WHERE TO CHECK INDOORS • Basement or crawl space • Attic • Inside, under and behind kitchen cabinets • Around fireplace, doors, and floor air vents • Around pipes under sinks and washing machines • Around pipes going to hot water heaters and furnaces Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Facts about hantavirus

13. PREVENTIONOUTDOORS • Eliminate nesting sites • Keep composting bins and wood piles 100 feet or more form the house • Clean up trash, brush, and weeds • Eliminate food sources • Use thick plastic or metal with tight fitting lids for garbage, grains, and animal feed • Eliminate entry places to home • Seal all holes larger than the width of a pencil Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Facts about hantavirus

14. WHERE TO LOOK OUTSIDE • In the roof around rafters, gables, and eaves • Around windows and doors • Between the foundation of your house and ground • Attic vents and crawl space vents • Around holes for electrical, plumbing, and gas lines Centers For Disease Control and Prevention: Facts about hantavirus

15. OTHER AREAS OF RISK:CAMPING • Camping • Air out and inspect cabin • Check campsite • Avoid disturbing nests • Avoid sleeping on bare ground • Store food in rodent-proof containers • Promptly discard, bury, or burn garbage Guide For Campers Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Prevent hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

16. SAFE CLEAN UP Do not vacuum or sweep! This will cause virus particles to go into the air where they can then be breathed in! Photos courtesy of Google Images

17. CLEANING INFECTED AREASUrine and droppings • Wear rubber or latex gloves • Spray urine and droppings with a disinfectant or a bleach/water mixture • Let soak 5 minutes • Use a paper towel to wipe up urine and droppings and place all in garbage • Mop or sponge the area with a disinfectant or bleach mixture • Wash gloved hands with soap and water or disinfectant • Wash hands after glove removal Centers For Disease Control and Prevention: Taking steps to prevent hantavirus

18. CLEANING INFECTED AREASDead rodent removal • Wear rubber or latex gloves • Spray dead rodent and surrounding area with bleach mixture or disinfectant and let soak • Place nesting materials or trap with dead rodent in a plastic bag • Seal bag in two bags • Throw bag in a regularly emptied trash can that covers • Wash gloved hands with soap and water, disinfectant spray, or bleach mixture • Remove gloves and wash hands Centers For Disease Control and Prevention: Facts about hantavirus

19. VACCINE? • Currently no vaccine or antiviral drug to protect • Small amount of studies to create vaccine • Is it necessary?

20. IN CONCLUSION • Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome is a rare but serious disease that can occur after contact with an infected rodent. • Reduce your risk • Prevention • Proper cleaning methods

21. STILL HAVE QUESTIONS? • Washington Department of Health • Hantavirus Fact Sheet • Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome(HPS) • Centers For Disease Control and Prevention • All about hantavirus

22. REFERERNCES Boortz.(2007) Image retrieved from: http://boortz.com/nuze/200711/11292007.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1995). Prevent hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: A public information guide for tourists, campers, and hikers. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/Camper_Hiker.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). HPS teaching slideset. Retrieved from : http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/graphics/hpsslideset/slide4b.gif Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in five pediatric patients-four states 2009. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 58(50), 1409-1412. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete. (Accession number: 01492195). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (nd). Facts about hantaviruses: what you need to know to know to prevent the disease hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/HPS_Brochure.pdf Fabbri, M., & Maslow, M.J. (2001). Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the united states. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 3(3), 258-265. Retrieved from ProQuest Central. (Document ID: 1938747551).

23. REFERENCES CONT. Washington Department of Health. (2010). Hantavirus. Retrieved from: http://www.doh.wa/ehsphl/factsheet/hanta.htm Washington Department of Health. (2010). Notifiable conditions: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Retrieved from : http://www.doh.wa.gov/notify/nc/hantavirus.htm Washington Department of Health. (1999). Rodent control: taking steps to prevent Hantavirus. Retrieved from: http://here.doh.wa.gov/materials/rodent-control-taking-steps-to- prevent-hantavirus/24_RodentHV_E99L.pdf Work Safe BC.(2006). A hantavirus risk control program for employers and workers. Retrieved from: http://www.worksafebc.com/publications/high_resolution_publications/assets/pdf/bk 74.pdf