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European Wars

European Wars. After their meetings…. What will be asked of you?. Will ask about war in terms of its causes and effects on specific institutions: -- Economic structures and institutions -- Political structures and institutions -- Religious structures and institutions

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European Wars

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  1. European Wars After their meetings…

  2. What will be asked of you? • Will ask about war in terms of its causes and effects on specific institutions: -- Economic structures and institutions -- Political structures and institutions -- Religious structures and institutions • Will ask about war in terms of the impact it had on the roles of people in society: women, children, clergy, educators, scientists, philosophers…NOT soldiers.

  3. You will be asked to analyze (break down into its component parts) the impact war had on the world of the arts and the psyche of mankind. • Will be asked to consider causes of wars themselves and their peace settlements; often of different eras within the same question • Will be asked to consider forces causing the outbreak and forces emerging from the ruin of war. • You will be expected to know about territory changes resulting from wars and be able to read the related maps • You will be expected to read and analyze all sorts of propaganda and put it into historical context

  4. What Will NOT be on the exam • Will NOT be asked to know specific strategy, tactics, battles, leaders, turning points of wars- nor will you be asked comparative analysis questions regarding those elements • Will not be asked specific, detailed questions about the NAZI Holocaust or other genocides. • Will NOT be asked about European wars fought in foreign lands: Opium Wars, French Indo-china, The American Revolution

  5. AP War MC Questions • The VAST majority of MC questions regarding war will pertain to one of the following: • Alliances • Goals • Treaties • Results • The following questions are exceptions to those from previous AP exams

  6. War MC Q’s • Which of the following was a major factor responsible for the Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921) ? (A) The Bolsheviks controlled the periphery of the country (B) The governments of France and Great Britain supported the Bolshevik cause with food and war supplies (C) Trotsky created a disciplined and effective Red Army (D) The Bolsheviks had the undivided support of the peasants E) The Bolsheviks refused to use the Cheka to subdue the opposition (1984) • Which of the following is true of both the 1956 revolt in Hungary and the 1968 revolt in Czechoslovakia? (A) Each was a popular grass-roots attempt to establish an American-style democracy. (B) Neither received assistance from the United States because they were within the Soviet sphere of influence. (C) Each received the military and political support of the Warsaw Pact members. (D) Neither had indigenous leadership they were led by emigre political figures. (E) Each resulted in an increase in individual freedom.

  7. During the Crimean War (1854-1856), most deaths among the military occurred as a result of (A) trench warfare and poisonous gas (B) guerrilla warfare (C) naval engagements (D) disease and inadequate medical care (E) heavy artillery bombardment Which of the following characterized European warfare between the Peace of Utrecht (1713) and the outbreak of the French Revolution (1789)? (A) Standing armies pursuing limited strategic goals (B) Citizen armies fighting for their native lands (C) Feudal armies fighting for their lords (D) Mass armies pursuing global strategies (E) Highly mobile armies unhampered by traditional defenses Which of the following was a major factor in German military victories in1939-1940? (A) Overwhelming German technological and numerical superiority to the French and the English (B) French insistence on continuing to fight, regardless of the cost (C) Britain’s campaign in Norway, which diverted British troops from Western Europe (D) The German army’s effective use of armor and air power in the Blitzkrieg (E) The German defeat of the Russian army at Tannenberg in August 1939 The armies of revolutionary France enjoyed which of the following advantages over the armies of the major European monarchs? (A) A better supply system (B) Superior training and more practice in drills (C) Technologically advanced weaponry (D) Older and more experienced soldiers (E) Greater patriotism and morale

  8. Which of the following was a result of the implementation of the Schlieffen Plan at the beginning of the First World War? (A) French forces were able to capture Alsace-Lorraine (B) Great Britain entered the war on the side of France and Russia (C) The Netherlands was knocked out of the war (D) Tanks became the decisive weapon in warfare (E) A shake-up occurred in the German high command. • The chronologically arranged maps below illu­strate the (A) concluding phases of the Franco-Prussian War (B) Schlieffen Plan (C) concluding phases of the First World War (D) settlement of the Treaty of Versailles. 1919 (E) invasion of France in 1940

  9. Answers • C • B • D • A • D • E • B • A

  10. War FRQ’S • “Every War creates illusions and is conducted in the name of unrealized ideals” Evaluate this statement by comparing the goals for which the First World War was fought to those for which the Second World War was fought. * • Analyze and assess the extent to which the First world War accelerated European social change in such areas as work, sex roles, and government involvement in everyday life.

  11. Discuss and analyze the political and economic reasons for the failure of parliamentary democracy in Germany after the First World War. • Analyze the impact of the First World War on European culture and society during the inter-war period (1919-1939) • Explain why Europe saw no lasting peace between the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 and the Peace of Paris in 1763. *

  12. Compare and contrast the victorious Allied Powers’ treatment of Germany after the First World War with their treatment of Germany after the Second World War. Analyze the reasons for the similarities and differences. * • Considering the period of 1933-1945, analyze the economic, diplomatic, and military reasons for Germany’s defeat in the Second World War.

  13. Repeatedly in the course of modern European history a single state has threatened the balance of power; these threats have been met by coalitions of powers which have been dissolved when threats were contained. -- Discuss this statement with regard to France under Lois XIV and the Soviet union under Stalin, and show how it would apply in each case. *

  14. Compare and contrast the ways in which the two works of art express the artistic styles and political issues of their times *

  15. Compare and contrast the forces responsible for the defeat of Napoleon in 1815 and the Central Powers in 1918. * • Focusing on two countries, discuss the changes World War I brought to the political and economic landscape of Europe in the 1920’s. • Assess the intellectual and spiritual changes in Europe when examining the causes of The Wars of Religion and World War II *

  16. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Wars of Religion 1546-47(Schmalkaldic Wars)

  17. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Spanish Armada 1588

  18. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Thirty Years War 1618-1648

  19. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ English Civil Wars 1640-1649

  20. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ War of Spanish Succession 1701-1713

  21. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ War of Austrian Succession 1740-1748

  22. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ French Revolution Wars 1792-94 & 1795-1798

  23. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Napoleonic Wars 1799-1815

  24. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Greek War for Independence 1821-1829

  25. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Russo-Turkish War 1828-29

  26. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Revolutions of 1848

  27. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Crimean War 1853-1856

  28. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Austro-Prussian War (Seven weeks War) 1866

  29. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Franco Prussian War 1870-1871

  30. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Russo-Turkish War 1877-1878

  31. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905

  32. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Balkan Wars 1912 & 1913

  33. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ World War I

  34. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences: ______ ____________________ ____________________ Russian Revolution 1917 & Russian Civil War 1919-1921

  35. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Spanish Civil War 1936-39

  36. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ World War II

  37. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Hungarian Uprising 1956 & Czech Uprising 1968

  38. Who: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ What: _____________ ____________________ ____________________ Where: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Why: ______________ ____________________ ____________________ Of Note: ___________ ____________________ ____________________ Consequences & Territory Changes: ____________ ____________________ ____________________ Soviet / Afghani War 1979-1989

  39. Others of lesser note • Spanish Inquisition 15-17th centuries • War of Devolution 1667-68 • Queen Anne’s War 1702-1713 • Seven Years War 1754-1763*** • Pugachev Rebellion 1773-1774 • Irish Civil War 1921-1923 • Finnish Russian War 1939-1940 • Kosovo War 1999

  40. Important Treaties

  41. The Peace of Augsburg 1555 • Original Aims of the War: _________________ • ______________________________________ • The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ • ______________________________________ • Significant Terms: _______________________ • ______________________________________ • Consequences short term and long: _________ • ____________________________________________________________________________

  42. The Peace of Westphalia 1648 • Original Aims of the War: _________________ • ______________________________________ • The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ • ______________________________________ • Significant Terms: _______________________ • ______________________________________ • Consequences short term and long: _________ • ____________________________________________________________________________

  43. Treaties of Utrecht and Rastatt, 1713 & 1714 • Original Aims of the War: _________________ • ______________________________________ • The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ • ______________________________________ • Significant Terms: _______________________ • ______________________________________ • Consequences short term and long: _________ • ____________________________________________________________________________

  44. Treaty of Paris / Peace of Vienna / Congress of Vienna • Original Aims of the War: _________________ • ______________________________________ • The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ • ______________________________________ • Significant Terms: _______________________ • ______________________________________ • Consequences short term and long: _________ • ____________________________________________________________________________

  45. Treaty of Versailles, 1871 / Treaty of Frankfurt • Original Aims of the War: _________________ • ______________________________________ • The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ • ______________________________________ • Significant Terms: _______________________ • ______________________________________ • Consequences short term and long: _________ • ____________________________________________________________________________

  46. Treaty of Portsmouth, 1905 • Original Aims of the War: _________________ • ______________________________________ • The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ • ______________________________________ • Significant Terms: _______________________ • ______________________________________ • Consequences short term and long: _________ • ____________________________________________________________________________

  47. Treaty of Versailles, 1919 • Original Aims of the War: _________________ • ______________________________________ • The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ • ______________________________________ • Significant Terms: _______________________ • ______________________________________ • Consequences short term and long: _________ • ____________________________________________________________________________

  48. Yalta and Potsdam agreements • Original Aims of the War: _________________ • ______________________________________ • The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ • ______________________________________ • Significant Terms: _______________________ • ______________________________________ • Consequences short term and long: _________ • ____________________________________________________________________________

  49. Other Lesser Treaties • Treaty of Nanjing • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

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