Mental and Emotional Health Healthful Living Watauga High School C.Davis Part 2

1. Mental and Emotional HealthHealthful LivingWatauga High SchoolC.DavisPart 2

2. Mental Disorders • Is it easy to indentify a person with mental disorders? • All mental disorders are cause by early experiences life. • What is a mental disorder?

3. Mental Disorder: illness that affects the mind and reduces a person’s ability to function • Recognizing Mental Disorders: Mental health experts see abnormal thoughts, feelings, or behaviors as signs, or symptoms of a mental disorder • The distress that people who have mental disorder experience affects their ability to function. • National Association for Mental Health describes a person with good mental health: • Feels comfortable about self • Feels right about other people • Able to meet the demands on life

4. Abraham Maslow, a psychologist presented human needs in the form of a pyramid. “We all have basic needs, but some are more basic than others.”

6. What Causes Mental Disorders? • Physical Factors: Damage could be caused by a growth or tumor in the brain; an injury or an infection. Also exposure to lead, prolonged use of alcohol, or other drugs. • Heredity: If a parent has a mental disorder you have a chance of having it (depression). • Early Experiences: Extremely negative experiences that occur early in life. A child who has been neglected. • Recent Experiences: Something sad/bad that was just recent. The death of a loved one.

7. Have you ever been extremely afraid in a situation even though you knew the actual threat did not justify such an intense response? • Have you ever been fearful without knowing why? • If you have – you have experienced anxiety.

8. Anxiety: is fear caused by a source you cannot identify or a source that doesn’t pose as much as a threat as you think. • Anxiety Disorder: When the anxiety persists for a long time and interferes with daily living. Real or imagined fears prevent a person from enjoying life. • About 13% of children/teens age 9-17 will have an anxiety disorder • Examples: • Generalized anxiety • Phobia • Panic attacks • Obsessive-compulsive • Post-traumatic stress

9. SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY • Intense worry • Trouble sleeping • Concentrating –thoughts of death • Sweating • Nausea

10. Anxiety It is also a normal part of life. It is normal to worry about a sick relative. It is normal to feel anxious about a job interview.

11. BUT • Some people, however cannot function normally in their jobs, relationships and their daily lives – because they cannot cope with their anxiety. • It may be necessary for them to change their thinking: from negative to positive ones. Like • “I can do this”. • Have a support system, keep the routine, find humor in a stressful situation and stay in perspective.

12. Situations That May Cause Anxiety • List some possible situations/ events that may anxiety.

13. Healthy Methods Dealing with Anxiety What are some of your ideas to handle anxiety?

14. Vocabulary • Generalized Anxiety Disorder: this disorder displays intense worry, fears, or anxiety most days for at least six months. • Signs • Irritability • Muscle tension • Trouble concentrating • Phobia: anxiety that is related to a specific situation or object. A person goes to extreme measures to avoid a fear and reacts in a way that limits normal functioning “Person with a phobia may not be able to carry out daily activities.” • Aerophobia – fear of flying • Photophobia - fear of fear • Claustrophobia – fear of small, closed-in places

15. Panic Attacks: suddenly for no apparent reason people have intense fear • Symptoms: Fast heart rate, rapid breathing, sweating, dizziness, chest discomfort • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder : person who has an unreasonable need to think or act in a certain way • Obsessive : unwanted thought or image that takes control of the mind • Compulsion: unreasonable need to behave in a certain way to prevent a feared outcome. Repeated behavior • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: condition in which a person who has experienced a traumatic event feels severe and long lasting effects (military combat, rape survivors)

16. Hypochondria: preoccupation with the body and fear of presumed diseases. • Constantly feels aches or pains, worries about developing cancer, heart disease • Schizophrenia: means “split mind” Sometimes they develop fears that are not supported by reality. They believe that someone or something controls their thoughts or wants to harm them. • May talk to themselves • Act in an odd manner • Neglect care for themselves • Impulsive-Control Disorder: people cannot resist the impulsive or drive to act in a way that is harmful to themselves or to others. • To gamble • To shop

17. ADHD Attention-deficit/hyperactivity: Have trouble sitting still or paying attention moving around Interrupts others Has trouble working quietly Talks excessively

18. ADD Attention Deficit: • Makes careless mistakes Does not pay attention to details Is easily distracted Has difficulty following instructions

19. Activity • Group up with 3 people that sit beside you • You can use your notes if needed • On your worksheet read the descriptions of symptoms and put the answer in the box type of mental disorder( objective 1.02)

20. Personality Disorder: Remember that your personality determines how you tend to relate to other people. Most people can get along with others> BUT others are not so flexible. These people have a personality disorder. • Group A: • cold/distant • Stresses easily • Withdraw from reality • Absorbed in their own thoughts • paranoid • Group B: • overly emotional or unstable • selfish/demanding • antisocial personality • Group C: • cannot make a decision • strong need for approval of others • Self-actualization : striving to become the best you can be

21. Depression?

22. Depression : an emotional state in which a person feels extremely sad and hopeless. Symptoms • Constant sadness • Irritability • Trouble sleeping • Weight loss/gain • Lack of motivation • Fatigue • Low energy • Hopelessness • Crying • Loss of interest in favorite activities

23. Causes of Depression • Family History: genetics • Trauma and Stress • Financial problems • Breakup of relationship • Death of a loved one • Changes in life: job, getting married • Pessimistic Personality • Low self-esteem • Negative outlook

24. Physical Condition: • Cancer, heart disease • HIV • Depression can make medical conditions worse – since it weakens the immune system • In some cases depression can be caused by medications used to treat medical conditions • Other Psychological Disorders • Anxiety • Schizophrenia • Eating Disorders • Post -traumatic

25. Who Gets Depression Depression can affect anyone, its effect may vary depending on your age and gender. • Women • Are almost twice as men • Hormonal change • Pregnancy • Men • Depression is lower – because of going undiagnosed – less likely to seek help • Suicide is an especially serious risk for men with depression • Four times more likely than women to kill themselves • Elderly • Become physically ill – unable to be as active as they were • Lose loved ones • Sometimes loved ones may attribute signs of depression to the normal result of aging

26. Group Work - Depression • What helps? • What hinders? • In your group working on large paper – brain storm ideas working on your topic

27. Help for Depression? • Medication • When someone is depressed the brain does no use these chemicals properly. • Medication helps to restore normal brain function. • Mental health experts can also help people who are depressed to learn how to cope with their problems.

28. Types of Mental Health Professionals • Psychiatrist: a physician who can diagnose and treat mental disorders • Neurologist: a physician who treats physical disorders of the nervous system • Neurosurgeon: does brain surgery • Counselors : focuses on specific problems

29. Side Bar Buddy - Activity 1. Write down on paper how to overcome barriers to seek help for mental disorders. 2. At WHS where can someone get help? Name 2 teachers, and were else can you go here for help? 3. What types of treatments have been found successful for treating teen depression? • 4. Are there certain symptoms of depression that are found more often in teenagers than adults? Next side may help

30. Websites that can help http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/feeling_sad/suicide.html http:www.focusas.com/Depression.html http://emotional.health.ivillage.com// http:wwwfocusas.com/Suicide.html www.nami.org ( National Alliance on Mental Health)

31. What is Suicide • Suicide: intentional killing of oneself • More than 31,000 people kill themselves each year • Is the 3rd leading cause of death for North Carolinians ages 10-24. • Homicide : is the intentional killing of one person by another

32. Protective Factors – to Prevent Suicide • Strong connection to family/friends • Skills in problem solving • Cultural and religious beliefs that discourage suicide • Access to clinical interventions

33. RISK FACTORS FOR SUICIDE • Mental disorders – mood, schizophrenia, anxiety can personality disorders • Alcohol and other substances • Hopelessness • History of trauma • Some major illness • Family history

34. Environmental Risk Factors • Job loss • Financial loss • Easy access to lethal means

35. Social Cultural Risk Factors • Sense of isolation –lack of social • Exposure to the media, influences of others who have died by suicide • Barriers to accessing health care- mental health

36. If there are Warning Signs • Threatening or talking about wanting to hurt or kill themselves. • Talking or writing about death, dying or suicide • Feeling: anxious, or hopeless, rage, uncontrolled anger • Or seeking revenge • Withdrawing from family and friends • Using/Increased alcohol or drug use When A Friend is Thinking about Suicide • Take the threats seriously • Listen • Be calm/talk calm • Involve an adult

37. KYLE’S STORY- listen as I read to you

38. Person with Thoughts of Suicide • TELL- someone tells you this ASK- ask them – Are you thinking about suicide? LISTEN – Let’s talk about this. I am listening… This is important. KEEPSAFE – We need extra help. I want to help connect you with someone who can help keep you safe.

39. Eating Disorders Eating disorders affect only females. Myth or Fact ?

40. Fact: Eating disorders affect females more than males, but males do develop eating disorders. Because of this myth males are even less likely than females to seek help for an eating disorder.

41. Vocabulary • Eating Disorder: mental disorder that reveals itself through abnormal behaviors related to food. Eating Disorders are about : emotions, thoughts, and attitudes

42. Anorexia Nervosa: a person doesn’t eat enough food to maintain a healthy body weight. • Self- starvation and excessive weight loss • Symptoms : • Weight fluctuations/Extreme weight loss • Dry skin • Slowed heart and breathing rates • Females – loss of menstrual periods • Becoming withdrawn, feeling of guilt shame, suicidal thoughts • Causes : • Lack of chemical regulates mood • Low self-esteem • Strong desire to please others • Troubled relationship

43. Anorexia Health Risk Short term: Dehydration Irregular heartbeats Lack of minerals can cause heart to stop. Amenorrhea and irregular menstruation Health Risk Long term: Liver and Kidney problems. Osteoporosis Sterility Cardiac arrest and or death

44. Bulimia : uncontrolled eating binges, followed by purging – vomiting or laxatives • Try to rid the body of unwanted calories • Symptoms : • Maintain weight within their normal range • Weight fluctuations • Obsession with food and calories • Causes : • Low self-esteem • Use food to feel better emotionally • Purge- because of the weight gain

45. Health Risk Short term: Dehydration • Irregular heart beats • Amenorrhea and • irregular menstruation • Health Risk Long term: Sterility • Teeth/gum problems • Liver and kidney • problems • Cardiac arrest and or • death ** Possible reoccurrence or any of these

46. Anorexia & Bulimia • Dangerous Methods: Laxatives • Diuretics • Diet pills • Ipecac syrup – vomiting • Treatments: Psychological counseling • Nutritional counseling • Outpatient therapy • Psychiatric meds • Hospital based care

47. Binge Eating Disorder: uncontrollable urge to eat large amounts of food. There may be sporadic fasts and diets • Symptoms : • Intend to eat small amounts, and end up eating more • Causes : • Avoid dealing with situations • Health Risk : • Excess weight gain • Unhealthy dieting • High blood pressure/Cardiac arrest and or death • Liver and kidney problems, Diabetes • Treatments : • Learn to eat more slowly • Is there an emotional problem • Seek medical help See above Anorexia and Bulimia

48. ActivityPuzzles – Stories • Break yourselves into 8 groups, both girls and boys • Each group takes an envelope • Now take the puzzle together in the correct order • Read it in the group • Then share with the class about the story

49. Where can people get help? • Look up resources for seeking help for people with eating disorders.

50. A.C. T. Technique • A. -Acknowledge that your friend has a problem and the symptoms are serious. • C. -Care let them know that you care about them and that you want to help them. • T. -Tell a trusted adult about your concerns. Just telling the right person can make all the difference.