LAMNET WORKSHOP ROME Lessons Learned from Bioenergy Program Implementation in Brazil JOSE ROBERTO MOREIRA

1. LAMNET WORKSHOP ROME Lessons Learned from Bioenergy Program Implementation in Brazil JOSE ROBERTO MOREIRA Brazilian National Reference Center on Biomass CENBIO Palazzo dei Congressi, Rome, Italy May 09, 2004

2. MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS OF SUGARCANE INDUSTRY IN BRAZIL • SUGARCANE BAGASSE HYDROLYSIS FOR FURTHER ETHANOL PRODUCTION • FOSTERING ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM SUGARCANE • A) PRESENT GROWTH • B) FUTURE GROWTH – PROINFA • FLEXFUEL VEHICLES • CARBON SEQUESTRATION

3. SUGARCANE BAGASSE HYDROLYSIS FOR FURTHER ETHANOL PRODUCTION

4. INTRODUCTION TO THE HYDROLYSIS PROCESS THE THREE PROCESSING STAGES TO CONVERT CELLULOSIC MATERIAL IN ALCOHOL ACCID BATCH CELLULOSE (+) WATER HYDROLYSIS (SACCHARIFICATION) HEXOSES HEXOSES ACCID BATCH HEMICELULOSE (+) WATER ( + ) PENTOSES FERMENTATION WINE CO2 HEXOSES IN WINE + YEAST A ( + ) CO2 WINE + PENTOSES IN WINE YEAST B DISTILLATION ETHANOL (+) STILLAGE PHYSICAL PROCESS WINE

5. LIGNIN HOW DHR-DEDINI FAST HYDROLYSIS SOLVES THESE PROBLEMS • USING A STRONG LIGNIN SOLVENT, AT HIGH TEMPERATURE, IT IS POSSIBLE TO ACCESS CELLULOSE AND HEMICELLULOSE AFTER LIGNIN SOLUTION. • FAST SPEED SUGAR FORMATION (MINUTES), INCREASES THE YIELD. • HYDROLYSIS BATCH, ENHANCED BY THE LIGNIN SOLVENT, HAS A VERY SMALL ACID CONCENTRATION. • IMMEDIATE REMOVAL OF SUGAR AND FAST COOLING OF HYDROLYSED PRODUCT INTERRUPTS SUGAR DEGRADATION DUE TEMPERATURE. • HYDROLYSED NEUTRALIZATION STABILIZES SUGAR PRODUCED. WHAT IS THE DHR-DEDINI FAST HYDROLYSE PROCESS HEMICELLULOSE SCHEMATIC VIEW OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL FIBER CELLULOSE

6. BAGASSE HYDROLYSED PRODUCT HYDROLYSED PRODUCT HYDROLYSED PRODUCT FLASH NEUTRALISER WINE HYDRO SOLVENT SOLUTION WITH LOW ACCID CONCENTRATION ORGANOSOLV PROCESS CHEMICAL HYDROLISIS WITH VERY DILLUTED ACCID DHR PROCESS = + LIGNIN SOLVENTS - THERE ARE MANY (ONLY RHODIA HAS 26) DEDINI TRIED SEVERAL SOLVENTS AND OPTED FOR ETHANOL WHAT IS THE DHR-DEDINI FAST HYDROLYSE PROCESS DHR CONTINUOUS REACTOR

7. PRESENTLY: SMALL INDUSTRIAL UNIT IN OPERATION.. VERY SOON: CONCLUSION OF ENGINEERING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR DESIGN OF A INDUSTRIAL PLANT. SOON: AVAILABILITY OF COMMERCIAL DHR TECHNOLOGY FOR SALE

8. BAGASSE: INPUT MATERIAL FOR DHR PROCESS AND HYDROLYSIS UNIT HYDROLYSIS REACTOR WITH THE BAGASSE FEEDING SYSTEM THE DEVELOPMENT OF DHR - DEDINI FAST HYDROLYSIS TECHNOLOGY THE SMALL INDUSTRIAL UNIT - 5,000 L/DAY

9. SOLVENT RECOVERY TOWER (ETHANOL) AND THE SEPARATION OF HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS FERMENTATION AND DISTILLATION: CONVENTIONAL AVAILABLE FACILITIES ARE USED THE DEVELOPMENT OF DHR - DEDINI FAST HYDROLYSIS TECHNOLOGY THE SMALL INDUSTRIAL UNIT - 5,000 L/DAY

10. POTENTIAL AND IMPACT OF DHR-DEDINI FAST HYDROLYSIS PROCESS 1 HA 80 T CLEAN CANE WINE 6,400 L HYDRATED ALCOHOL 1 HA 96 T INTEGRAL CANE (INCL. SOME BARBOJO) 6,400 L HYDRATED ALCOHOL WINE BAGASSE + SOME BARBOJO 5,650 L HYDRATED ALCOHOL DHR - IMPACT ON PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY ALCOHOL DISTILLERY - TRADITIONAL PROCESS ALCOHOL PLANT - TRADITIONAL PROCESS + DHR (EXPECTED RESULTS FOR MAXIMUM POTENTIAL PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY WITH ENERGY USE OPTIMISATION) 12,050 L HYDRATED ALCOHOL WITH THE SAME PLANTED AREA IT IS POSSIBLE ALMOST DOUBLE PRODUCTION

11. POTENTIAL AND IMPACT OF DHR-DEDINI FAST HYDROLYSIS PROCESS 0,45 R$/L 0,402 0,40 0,35 0,30 0,291 0,25 0,247 0,20 0,15 L Alc/t bag 140 150 120 130 160 170 180 100 110 109 Initial Conservative Yield Acceptable for new emerging technology Potential Process Yield Higher productivity due to know-how and technology development DHR - ECONOMIC IMPACT ALCOHOL COST REDUCTION WITH DHR TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE WITH TRADITIONAL ALCOHOL PRODUCTION PROCESS U$ 26 /Barrel MAY / 02 1 US$=R$2,50

12. FOSTERING ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM SUGARCANE PRESENT SITUATION

14. Average value in 2001 (5.98 MW and 132 units) Average Value in 2004 (11.06 MW and 138 units) Installed Electricity Capacity in the Sugarcane Sector in State of Sao Paulo Number of Units Installed Capacity (MW)

16. POTENTIAL BIOMASS GENERATION IN BRAZIL • OFFICIAL EVALUATION RESULTS • SUGARCANE SECTOR 4,000MW • RICE PROCESSING SECTOR 300MW • PAPER AND CELLULOSIC SECTOR 1,000MW

17. PROINFA - PROGRAM TO FOSTER USE OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION • 20 YEARS LONG PPA WITH ELETROBRAS FOR 3,300MW, SIGNED BY THE END OF MAY. • CAP BY ENERGY SOURCE (1,100MW FOR BIOMASS, 1,100 MW FOR WIND & 1,100 FOR SMALL HYDRO) • CAP BY REGION (220MW PER STATE PER ENERGY SOURCE) • UP TO 25% OF THE TOTAL MAY BE INSTALLED BY CONVENTIONAL ELECTRIC UTILITES IF THERE IS NOT EOUGH DEMAND FROM IPP • SUBSIDIES WILL BE COVERED BY ALL ELECTRICITY USERS. • IPP WILL BE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING THE DATE OF ISSUE OF INSTALLATION AUTHORISATION.

19. FOSTERING ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM SUGARCANE MEDIUM TERM

20. CURRENT POTENTIAL OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION USING GAS TURBINE • GAS TURBINE AND STEAM TURBINE • STEAM CONSUMPTION IN SUGARCANE PROCESSING = 280kg/TCANE • FOR 290 MTONNES OF SUGARCANE: • 290,000,000 X 0,250MWh/TCANNE = 72,500 GWh • OR 16,111 MW FOR 4,500HRS/YR

21. NEAT ETHANOL & FLEXFUEL VEHICLES

25. Alcohol due advantages. Gasoline due tradition Both together to demonstrate this technology

26. CARBON SEQUESTRATION

27. Source: Azar et al, 2003 and Author