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Environmental Endocrine Disruption Effects Assessment In San Francisco Bay Fishes

Environmental Endocrine Disruption Effects Assessment In San Francisco Bay Fishes Shiner Surfperch & Pacific Staghorn Sculpin. Kevin Kelley, Jesus Reyes, Rusty Fairey, Zed Mason, Cathy Propper, Juli Kalman. Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory

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Environmental Endocrine Disruption Effects Assessment In San Francisco Bay Fishes

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  1. Environmental Endocrine Disruption Effects Assessment In San Francisco Bay Fishes Shiner Surfperch & Pacific Staghorn Sculpin Kevin Kelley, Jesus Reyes, Rusty Fairey, Zed Mason, Cathy Propper, Juli Kalman Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory Institute for Integrated Research on Materials, Environment & Society (IIRMES) Center for Education in Proteomics Analysis (CEPA) Marine Biology Program, Dept of Biological Sciences, Calif. St. Univ. Long Beach Moss Landing Marine Laboratories & Northern Arizona University

  2. . . . measures of ‘endocrine disruption’ are increasingly used as sensitivebioindicators for water/environmental quality and specific contaminant effects Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are present in marine and estuarine environments, particularly along highly populated coastal regions: SF Bay Estuary http://toxics.usgs.gov/photo_gallery/sanfran.html

  3. STUDY OBJECTIVES 1- determine incidence and magnitude of endocrine disruption in wild fishes, emphasizing assessment of endocrine systems regulating stress responses, growth & repair, thyroid & reproduction 2- determine whether spatial differences can be establishedbetween different SF Bay locations, with respect to endocrine disrupted condition(s) 3- determine liver contaminant concentrations in individuals, to identify correlations between specific contaminants and type(s) of endocrine disruption in fish sampled from different SF Bay locations

  4. Shiner Surfperch Cymatogaster aggregata Pacific Staghorn Sculpin Leptocottus armatus pelagic benthic

  5. 2006 Field Sites [pilot year] San Pablo Bay Berkeley Waterfront Oakland Inner Harbor Redwood City far-field reference:Tomales Bay

  6. Far Field Sites Bodega Bay Tomales Bay

  7. S U M M A R Y Endocrine Disruption—SF Bay Fish Tomales Bay San Pablo Bay Berkeley Waterfront Redwood City Oakland Inner Harbor Cortisol/HPI Axis + + Shiner Perch ++ ++ Pacific Staghorn Sculpin Thyroxine/HPT Axis + Shiner Perch ++ ++ ++ Pacific Staghorn Sculpin IGF-I/Growth Axis Shiner Perch ? ? Pacific Staghorn Sculpin ? ?

  8. S U M M A R Y Endocrine Disruption—SF Bay Fish Tomales Bay San Pablo Bay Berkeley Waterfront Redwood City Oakland Inner Harbor 17β-Estradiol/HPG Axis ? ? ? ? Shiner Perch ? Pacific Staghorn Sculpin 17α-Ethinylestradiol Shiner Perch Pacific Staghorn Sculpin Testosterone/HPG Axis ? ? ? ? Shiner Perch ? Pacific Staghorn Sculpin

  9. Shiner Surfperch ? August 2006 Oakland Inner Harbor

  10. 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) in Fish Plasma 200 150 Plasma EE2 Concentration (pg/ml) 100 50 N.D. N.D. 0 Pacific Staghorn Sculpin Shiner Surfperch WWTP-affected site (OCSD, turbot) (Tomales Bay, Redwood City, Oakland Inner Harbor, Berkeley, San Pablo Bay (Loch Lohmand)

  11. Liver Contaminant Analysis, GC/MS So-Calif would have 4, 4’-DDT

  12. Liver Contaminant Analysis, GC/MS

  13. Liver Contaminant Analysis, GC/MS

  14. Endocrine Disruption—SF Bay Fish [Yellow=Year-1 fish analyses] * Cortisol & Cortisone * Thyroxine & Triidothyronine POTW, seasonal effects?? 17β-Estradiol 17α-Ethinylestradiol Testosterone & 11-ketotestosterone ? IGF-I & IGFBPs Hepatic contaminants (chlorinated pesticides, PCB congeners, PAHs) * =spatial differences detected

  15. Year – 2 Studies under way

  16. Study Sites 2007July 29-August 4 San Pablo Bay (Loch Lohmand Marina) Richmond(Lauritzen Channel, DDTs) Richmond/Berkeley Waterfront Oakland Inner Harbor San Leandro Bay(PCBs) San Francisco Waterfront Hunter’s Point (POTW) Redwood City far-field reference:Tomales Bay Bodega Bay

  17. FIELD DATA - AUGUST 2007 Shiner Perch Pacific Staghorn Sculpin 31 20 Redwood City 21 20 San Francisco Waterfront -- 23 S.F. Hunter’s Point(POTW outfall) 25 9 Oakland Inner Harbor 29 9 San Leandro Bay(PCB-contaminated) 13 17 Loch Lomand Marina(San Pablo Bay) 20 11 Richmond Waterfront 27 12 Richmond –Lauritzen Channel(DDT-contaminated) 2 11 Bodega Bay(far-field reference) 12 6 Tomales Bay(far-field reference) 138 180 Added sites: Two Harbors –Santa Catalina Island (Pacific side, far-field reference) L.A. Harbor –Inner Cabrillo Beach(collab. with Cabrillo Marine Aquarium)

  18. FIELD DATA - AUGUST 2007 Shiner Perch Pacific Staghorn Sculpin 31 20 Redwood City 60.0% 21 20 San Francisco Waterfront -- 23 strongly correlated with gill damage S.F. Hunter’s Point(POTW outfall) 25 9 Oakland Inner Harbor <10% 29 9 San Leandro Bay(PCB-contaminated) 55.2% 13 17 Loch Lomand Marina(San Pablo Bay) 20 11 60.0% Richmond Waterfront 27 12 20.2% Richmond –Lauritzen Channel(DDT-contaminated) 2 11 Bodega Bay(far-field reference) 12 6 Tomales Bay(far-field reference) 138 180 PARASITE PREVALENCE: [#infected hosts/#examined hosts x100%] High infestation rates by Elthusacalifornica (variable across sites & individuals) Low infestation rates by Ethusacalifornica (Isopoda) Other parasites -to be evaluated Cortisol & Interrenal histology --under way

  19. FIELD DATA - AUGUST 2007 Shiner Perch Pacific Staghorn Sculpin 31 20 Redwood City 21 20 San Francisco Waterfront -- 23 S.F. Hunter’s Point(POTW outfall) 25 9 Oakland Inner Harbor 29 9 San Leandro Bay(PCB-contaminated) 13 17 Loch Lomand Marina(San Pablo Bay) 20 11 Richmond Waterfront 27 12 Richmond –Lauritzen Channel(DDT-contaminated) 2 11 Bodega Bay(far-field reference) 12 6 Tomales Bay(far-field reference) 138 180 3/180 shiners were pregnant Sex ratios: TBA Gonadal somatic index: TBA Histology: under way Variety of reproductive states [immature, mature, gravid/pregnant] Immature, or early developing gonads

  20. Contaminant Analyses: • Feasible to measure individuals liver contaminant levels • Key contaminants measured at high concentrations in shiner perch and Pacific staghorn sculpin • Relatively higher levels of contaminants in livers of Pacific staghorn sculpin • Liver contaminant concentrations will be correlated with indices of endocrine disruption within individuals Allows analysis of whether pollutants, individually or in combination, are associated with endocrine disruption & associated reductions in physiological viability Different endocrine systems will likely exhibit different sensitivities to contaminants Will point to potential contaminant thresholds of effects in fish (further testing needed)

  21. Emphasis: Stress (HPI) Axis Continuing Analyses & Emphasis 2007 • a) field work -Aug 2007, completed • b) cortisol measurement, completed, data analysis phase underway • c) interrenal histology, underway • d) hepatic contaminants measurement (underway) & correlation • d) cortisone measurement (11β-HSD-2) • e) ACTH-challenge (is interrenal responsiveness impaired?) • f) ectoparasitic infestation assessment • g) growth endocrine system impacts (indices: IGF-I, IGFBPs, cartilage growth activity) impacts • h) steroidogenic enzyme expression (StAR, 11β-hydroxylase, 11β-HSD-2) b-d = potential bioassays for disruption (screening)

  22. Thyroid (HPT) Axis Disruption –Studies proposed for 2007

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