1 / 148

PRACTICE TEST 2007

Half Length 2007, 1. In 1789, the French National Assembly issued the

kael
Download Presentation

PRACTICE TEST 2007

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


    1. PRACTICE TEST 2007

    2. Half Length 2007, 1 In 1789, the French National Assembly issued the “Declaration of the Rights of Man,” based in part on the concepts expressed in the U.S. Declaration of Independence in 1776. Both documents reflected the Enlightenment belief that governments exist to protect the natural rights of citizens. What developments in France and the United States attempted to assure the implementation of this concept of government? drafting constitutional protections restoring monarchical rule gaining additional territory expanding the slave trade

    3. Half Length 2007,2 One effect of widespread suburbanization in the United States during the 1920s was airlines adding routes to new cities. increased reliance upon the automobile. decreased immigration from Europe and Asia. television replacing radio as the most popular medium.

    4. Half Length 2007,3 Voters wishing to determine the reliability of a candidate’s campaign advertisement should pay particular attention to the appropriateness of the campaign slogan. the number of accusations against the opponent. how well the candidate has supported his or her position with facts. how much money the candidate has spent on advertising.

    5. Half Length 2007,4 Freedom of speech and freedom of the press are limited by the 14th Amendment. laws against slander and libel. checks and balances of state governments. the government’s power of eminent domain.

    6. Half Length 2007,5 A citizen group wants the local government to approve funding for a new public park in the city’s downtown area. What statement could help support the position that the downtown area is an appropriate location for the park? The city will have to pay to maintain the park. There are already several public parks in the city. Many residents have signed a petition supporting the site of the proposed park. The city could use the proposed location to build government offices.

    7. Half Length 2007,6 Explain four effects of industrialization on living and working conditions for the early industrial working class that moved to the new industrial towns of 19th-century Britain. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (4 points)

    8. Half Length 2007,7 How did the U.S. Constitution change as a result of the ratification of the 19th Amendment? The right of suffrage was extended to women. Freedom of assembly was restricted. The power of government decreased. Freedom of the press was strengthened.

    9. Half Length 2007,8 Progressive reformers after 1900 sought federal legislation to regulate working conditions and to set a minimum age for child labor. The need for this legislation was prompted by Civil War casualties leading to children taking the jobs of adults. unions restricting membership to adult workers. industrialists using child labor to keep production costs down. lack of job opportunities for children seeking after-school jobs.

    10. Half Length 2007,9 When the government controls all major industries and decides what products will be produced and how many of each type of product will be produced, what type of economy is described? mixed market traditional command

    11. Half Length 2007,10 The proposal by Great Britain to grant Indian independence in 1947 drew opposition from Muslim leaders. Their view was that they were denied a voice in the Hindu dominated independence movement. As a result, Indian Muslims wanted a separate independent Muslim country. the continuation of British rule until differences could be resolved. an independent India dominated by Muslims. the forced evacuation of Hindus from India.

    12. Half Length 2007,11 Charles Schenck was found guilty of violating the 1917 Espionage Act by distributing leaflets through the mail urging men to resist induction under the military draft for World War I. On appeal, Schenck’s attorneys argued the distribution of the leaflets was protected by the First Amendment. The Supreme Court upheld his conviction. This case illustrates how individual rights can be balanced against the rights of other individuals. the security of the nation in a time of war. the opportunities for people to enlist in the military. the interest of the government in keeping courts open to provide justice.

    13. Half Length 2007,12 During times of war or perceived danger to the United States, groups of Americans have been singled out as potentially disloyal to the country. For example, during World War I, patriotic support for the war led to a distrust and persecution of German-Americans. In some places, German language instruction was forbidden, and German culture and heritage were subject to discrimination. Identify a group of Americans that was targeted as potentially disloyal in the years between 1940 and 1985. Explain why this group was targeted. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (2 points)

    14. Half Length 2007,13 Ecuador is a major exporter of bananas, a product in high demand in the United States. How might the United States adjust its trade policy toward Ecuador to assure a supply? eliminate the tariff on bananas from Ecuador increase export taxes on U.S. products sold to Ecuador increase tariffs on bananas from Ecuador prohibit the import of any other products from Ecuador

    15. Half Length 2007,14 How did technological innovations of the late 20th century, such as communications satellites and the Internet, contribute to the exchange of cultural practices? They improved the efficiency of local governments. They reduced economic inequality among nations. They decreased the need for international cooperation. They increased opportunities to exchange information and ideas.

    16. Half Length 2007,15 Which source of information about candidates for public office probably would be free of bias? a pamphlet written by a political campaign worker a newspaper editorial stating the newspaper’s position a reprint of the complete text of the last candidate debate a political advertisement paid for by a political action committee

    17. Half Length 2007,16 A noticeable change in the conduct of global trade in the last few decades is that trade issues between countries are often replaced by trade issues between regions. What accounts for this change? developing nations discouraging trade with developed nations the United Nations having the final authority over trade disputes the persistence of ethnic unrest, changing national boundaries, and widespread drought and disease the formation of international trading blocs, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement and the European Union

    18. Half Length 2007,17 Key Developments for the United States in the 1920s • easy credit and a rise in consumer debt • growing unemployment in key industries such as construction • overproduction and declining farm income • buying stocks on margin and soaring stock prices What was significant about the developments shown above for the United States in the 1920s? They were causes of World War II. They were signs of difficulties within the U.S. economy. They demonstrated the ability of the Federal Reserve to control the money supply. They led to legislation restricting immigration to the United States.

    19. Half Length 2007,18 A town is considering building a community swimming pool. At a public hearing on the issue, supporters and opponents of the pool make the following statements: Supporters A report by the U.S. Surgeon General emphasized the health benefits of swimming for both children and adults. A recent university study found that communities with adequate recreation facilities had lower rates of juvenile delinquency than communities that did not. Opponents The pool is a bad idea for many reasons. There are better, more cost effective ways to help kids than by building a pool. The town should be spending its money on more critical issues at this time. The pool would be a complete waste of the town’s money. Which of these two statements includes credible sources of information that uphold the statement’s position? Why does agreement with credible sources of information help make a statement believable? Write your answer in the Answer Document. (2 points)

    20. Half Length 2007,19 What factor contributed to the migration of large numbers of people from Europe to the United States in the late 19th century? Industrialization in the United States attracted laborers from Europe. Economic prosperity in Europe allowed people to purchase land in the United States. European social reform movements wanted to spread their beliefs to the United States. The United States needed people to colonize the overseas territories it had recently acquired.

    22. OGT 2007

    23. OGT 2007,1 The use of atomic weapons at the end of World War II fostered fears about their potential use during the Cold War years. These fears were critical in determining the U.S. response to the Marshall Plan. the Berlin Blockade. the Cuban Missile Crisis. the independence movement in India.

    24. OGT 2007,2 A political action committee produces a television commercial that criticizes past actions of a candidate for president. The advertisement could be a credible source of information if the claims in the advertisement rely on the use of stereotypes. are based on unstated assumptions. are consistent with other credible sources of information. are presented in a manner that is clear and easy to understand.

    26. OGT 2007,3 The economic development of the United States between 1870 and 1950 helped produce the results shown in the graph above. The trend shown in the graph is associated with increased urbanization. decreased immigration. advances in communication. reduced population growth.

    27. OGT 2007,4 What perspective of African-Americans was reflected in the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909? the desire for a return to their cultural heritage the need to improve working conditions in factories the desire to end legalized discrimination based on race the belief in the importance of building a new country in Africa

    28. OGT 2007,5 There was a connection between industrial expansion and European imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. • Did imperialism increase or decrease as a result of industrialization? • Explain why this change occurred. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (2 points)

    29. OGT 2007,6 Freedom of assembly is guaranteed by the First Amendment, but assemblies may legally be broken up when protesters attempt to disrupt public safety. publicly oppose U.S. foreign policy. express opinions that are controversial. are members of a religious organization

    30. OGT 2007,7 Which source of information would be the most credible (least biased) in determining the durability of various brands of computers? a salesman at a computer products store a neighbor who works for a computer manufacturing company a television advertisement for the most popular brand of computer an independent survey of consumers who have purchased computers

    31. OGT 2007,8 Which action could the U.S. government employ to protect U.S. automobile manufacturers from foreign competition? increase taxes on the production of U.S. automobiles create free trade agreements with automobile-producing countries increase tariffs and import restrictions on foreign automobiles implement stricter control of competition among U.S. automobile manufacturers

    32. OGT 2007,9 In the United Nations Charter, member nations pledge to “unite our strength to maintain international peace and security.” Since ratification of its charter following World War II, the primary goal of the United Nations has been to restore world trade disrupted by World War II. encourage industrial growth begun during World War II. establish policies to help nations pay World War II debts. intervene in world conflicts to prevent another war such as World War II.

    33. OGT 2007,10 Religious diversity in the United States has increased in the last fifty years. One factor that has contributed to this increase has been an increase in emigration to Africa. immigration from Asia. immigration from Australia. emigration to South America.

    34. OGT 2007,17 People from the countries of Scandinavia, Finland, Denmark, Norway and Sweden immigrated to the United States mainly between the Civil War and World War I. In general, they settled in the American Midwest. Their reasons for leaving their homelands included overpopulation, poor farm production and dissatisfaction with their governments. Based on your knowledge of immigration patterns to the United States, identify two factors that attracted immigrants such as these to the United States. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (2 points)

    35. OGT 2007,18 When considering the reliability of a report that promotes hybrid gas-electric cars as environmentally friendly, what should be carefully considered? the length of the report the cost of producing the report the number of claims in the report the accurate use of facts in the report

    36. OGT 2007,19 Many Latin American nations gained their independence early in the 19th century. The relationship between the people and their government changed. Slavery existed under colonial governments, but some of the new nations, such as Haiti, did not permit slavery. The abolition of slavery was based on Enlightenment ideas of liberty as a natural right of man. separation of governmental powers. personal rights as less important than civil order. the authority of absolute monarchs.

    37. OGT 2007,20 One way the U.S. Constitution evolves is through the amendment process. How were the changes that occurred as a result of the ratification of the 19th and 26th Amendments similar? Large groups of people gained the right to vote. The right of individuals to bear arms was restricted. The powers of the federal government were expanded. The separation of church and state was more clearly defined.

    38. OGT 2007,21 One way absolute monarchies are similar to dictatorships is that citizens under both systems of government typically can elect new leadership by voting in elections. have greater freedoms than citizens in democracies. can amend their constitutions by gathering signatures on petitions. must engage in revolution in order to achieve governmental change.

    39. OGT 2007,22 In 1960, 8.9 million acres of land in northeast Alaska were designated as the Arctic National Wildlife Range. In 1980, legislation doubled the size of the Range and renamed it the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). In recent years, attempts have been made to open part of the ANWR to oil exploration. The reason for this proposal is that the need for oil has decreased. population of the region has increased. environmental features of the region have changed. perceived economic value of the region has changed.

    40. OGT 2007,23 In the late 1800s, a population shift among African Americans began in the United States. Known as the “Great Migration,” this pattern of shifting population accelerated as a result of World War I and continued throughout the 1920s. Describe the population shift involved in the “Great Migration.” Explain how this migration produced an important change in the domestic affairs of the United States during the first three decades of the twentieth century. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (4 points)

    41. OGT 2007,24 A city council member believes that installing more trash cans along city streets will help reduce the city’s litter problem. This thesis could be supported by data showing that the city’s litter problem has gotten worse in recent years. most city residents consider the litter problem to be serious. people use trash cans if they are readily available. there is enough money in the city budget to pay for the trash cans.

    42. OGT 2007,25 The Indian Tribal Justice Act of 1993 is an example of federal civil rights legislation. Read the following excerpt from the act: Indian tribes possess the inherent authority to establish their own form of government, including tribal justice systems ... traditional tribal justice practices are essential to the maintenance of the culture and identity of Indian tribes. ... This act was an attempt to redress the consequences of the use of internment camps during World War II. past government policies that oppressed and discriminated against Native Americans. granting citizenship to Native Americans under the 1924 General Citizenship Act. Jim Crow legislation enacted by southern states during the late 1800s and early 1900s.

    43. OGT 2007,26 Which statement correctly describes the role of the government in a country with a mixed economy? The government allows economic decisions to be made by the society’s traditions and customs. The government makes all decisions regarding the production and distribution of goods. The government makes some production and distribution decisions, but other economic decisions are made by individuals. The government exercises no decision making in economic matters; production and distribution are determined solely by individuals.

    44. OGT 2007,27 Britain and France suffered heavy casualties during World War I. Because of this, when faced with Axis expansion before World War II, these countries were unwilling to take actions that might start another war. prepared to use military intervention wherever necessary. dependent on the United States to intervene in an international crisis. reluctant to call upon the League of Nations to settle disputes.

    45. OGT 2007,28 In 1963, Betty Friedan, founder of the National Organization for Women, wrote, We can no longer ignore that voice within women that says: “I want something more than my husband and my children and my home.” The excerpt above could be used to support the thesis that the U.S. birthrate would increase as more women entered the workforce. the 19th Amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote should be ratified. increased numbers of women in the workforce would result in unemployment for men. n the 1950s and 1960s, many American women were redefining their roles in society

    46. OGT 2007,29 During World War I, conscientious objectors to military service were often accused of disloyalty, and some conscientious objectors were sentenced to prison. However, an attempt was made to balance individual rights and the common good by assigning other conscientious objectors to noncombatant service. How did assigning conscientious objectors to noncombatant service help maintain individual rights? How did assigning conscientious objectors to noncombatant service help serve the common good? Write your answer in the Answer Document. (4 points)

    47. OGT 2007,30 Which factor contributed to increased migration of people among regions of the United States in the second half of the 20th century? new restrictions on immigration from Asia increases in the number of small family farms the construction of the Interstate Highway system increased immigration from Northern and Western Europe

    48. OGT 2007,31 In 1943, 15 percent of the shipyard workers in San Francisco were Chinese-Americans. Before this, they had been largely confined to working in restaurants and laundries. The switch in occupations was due, in large part, to the shipbuilding skills of Chinese-Americans. increased availability of higher education for immigrants. increased labor union restrictions against Chinese-American workers. massive need for workers to build ships during World War II.

    49. OGT 2007,32 In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson persuaded Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act, which outlawed racial discrimination in public places, such as theaters, cafeterias and hotels. This was an attempt to maintain poll taxes for African-Americans. stop African-American northward migration. end segregation legalized by Jim Crow laws. segregate public busing in major American cities.

    50. OGT 2007,33 The primary feature of a dictatorship is that people are permitted to vote for more than one candidate. the executive branch has equal power with the legislative branch. judicial courts are replaced by military courts. leaders make decisions without the consent of the people.

    51. OGT 2007,34 When the government builds interstate highways, citizens can be forced (under the principle of eminent domain) to sell private land that lies in the path of the highway. The reason for this is that the property rights of individuals are balanced by the government’s need to raise tax revenues. the need to enforce laws against libel and slander. the need to guarantee equal opportunities to all citizens. a compelling government interest in providing public services.

    52. OGT 2007,35 A state is considering lowering state income tax rates by one percent. At a public hearing on the issue, supporters and opponents of the tax decrease make the following statements: Supporters I’ve talked to people from all parts of the state, and everyone agrees that tax rates are too high. If the state receives less revenue from income taxes, the legislature might be less wasteful with the taxpayers’ money. This tax cut is a good idea. Opponents The State Budget Office estimates that this tax cut will cost the state $50 million a year in lost tax revenue. The leading accounting firm in the state estimates that the average taxpayer will see their taxes decrease by only $27. This tax cut is simply not worth the cost. Which of these two statements includes credible sources of information that uphold the statement’s position? Why does agreement with credible sources of information help make a statement believable? Write your answer in the Answer Document. (2 points)

    53. OGT 2007,36 What problem arising from U.S. industrialization did the progressive reformers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries want the federal government to address? use of child labor in the workplace unfair taxes on the wealthy restrictions on the use of natural resources lack of capital for railroad expansion

    54. OGT 2007,37 The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a treaty designed to remove tariffs and other trade barriers between Canada, Mexico and the United States. This helped establish an economic region among those nations because participants enlarged their dependence on domestic markets. participants terminated trade relationships with other regions. participants imposed tariffs on goods imported from other countries. trade among participants increased, making their economies more interdependent.

    55. OGT 2007,38 On March 12, 1947, President Truman addressed a joint session of Congress to recommend that the United States provide economic assistance to Greece and Turkey. His reasons were as follows: The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. … The free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining their freedoms. If we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world—and we shall surely endanger the welfare of our own Nation. This statement would be helpful in supporting the thesis that, in 1947, President Truman believed the United States had little to gain from membership in the United Nations. was more interested in foreign policy than in domestic issues. should help maintain democratic governments in other countries. should conserve its resources to maintain its own economic strength.

    56. OGT 2007,39 What would be the expected effect on spending by the public if the U.S. government lowered personal income tax rates? Explain your answer. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (2 points)

    57. OGT 2007,40 How did the political systems in Africa change as a result of European colonialism in the 19th century? Opportunities for self-rule increased. Administrative units were set up along ethnic lines. Traditional forms of tribal authority were weakened. Administrative units became smaller for better control.

    58. OGT 2007,41 In the 1960s and 1970s, Hispanic-American farm workers in the United States believed their employers were failing to provide reasonable wages and working conditions like those received by other American workers. For this reason, Hispanic-American farm workers urged the exportation of agricultural produce. organized the United Farm Workers Association. encouraged farm producers to lower prices. opposed passage of anti-discrimination laws.

    59. OGT 2007,42 As a result of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, progressive reformers sought government regulation of business in order to control economic cycles of inflation and recession. provide money for public services such as schools and libraries. restore competition by limiting the power of monopolies and trusts. prevent companies from moving their factories to other countries.

    60. OGT 2007,43 The growth of suburbs has caused the economic value of land around many U.S. cities to increase. One result of this increase in land value has been a decrease in U.S. food production for export. the availability of agricultural labor in urban regions. the construction of roads, water lines and sewer lines. the amount of land available for farming.

    61. OGT 2007,44 This cartoon could be used to support the thesis that opposition to women’s suffrage was based on unemployment statistics comparing men and women. stronger among women than among men. stronger in western states than in eastern states. based on stereotyping of women’s roles.

    63. 2006

    64. OGT 2006,1 In the early 20th century, many African-Americans moved from the South to cities in the North. This “Great Migration” helped stimulate a flowering of artistic talent by African-Americans in New York known as the Harlem Renaissance. One way in which the Harlem Renaissance was significant was that it reduced racial tensions in the northern cities. led to a decline in activity by the Ku Klux Klan. led to a relaxation of restrictions on African-Americans in the South. contributed to the recognition of African-American culture.

    65. OGT 2006,2 A town’s mayor believes that she can reduce crime by providing some police officers with bicycles. Which statement would help support this thesis? Sales tax revenues will be used to pay for the bicycles. Bicycle police require several weeks of extra training. Other towns with bicycle police have reduced crime rates. Bicycle theft is the leading property crime in the town.

    66. OGT 2006,3 What was the perspective of women who founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966? Women wanted to receive equal pay and opportunities for advancement in the workplace. Women were afraid of being forced to work in physically challenging jobs. Women were angry at the prospect of having to serve in the military. Women wanted to gain the right to vote and to own property.

    67. OGT 2006,4 In 1950, New York City was the only city in the world with a population of more than ten million people. By 2000, there were nineteen cities with populations of over ten million people. One reason for this increase in urbanization was a decrease in birthrates around the world. the spread of industrialization around the world. an increase in air pollution in industrialized areas. the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.

    69. OGT 2006,5 What effect of 19th-century industrialization in the United States is represented by the changes shown in the above graph? increased regulation of child labor modernization of agriculture decreased demand for farm products emigration from the United States

    70. OGT 2006,6 Italy and Japan: Selected Indicators, 2001 Using the data in the table above, support or refute the following thesis: In 2001, Italy had a higher standard of living than Japan. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (2 points)

    71. OGT 2006,7 U.S. government enforcement of environmental regulations helps reduce health problems related to environmental pollution. How does this help promote economic growth and stability? It decreases the size of the available workforce. It creates new productive resources. It reduces the cost of raw materials for manufacturers. It lowers health care costs for individuals and businesses.

    73. OGT 2006,8 According to the information in the diagrams, what is the difference in the relationship between the executive and the legislature in the two types of democracies? In a presidential democracy, the executive is more accountable to the legislature. In a presidential democracy, the legislature is more accountable to the executive. In a presidential democracy, the executive and the legislature are directly accountable to the citizens. In a presidential democracy, the executive and the legislature are less accountable to the citizens.

    74. OGT 2006,9 In 1898, U.S. support for Cuban independence led to war with Spain and contributed to the United States becoming an imperial power. What was a decisive factor in the decision to go to war? the opportunity to annex Hawaii the desire to acquire a naval base the protection of U.S. commerce and trade the need for a shorter route from the Atlantic to the Pacific

    75. OGT 2006,10 Some Internet search engines offer the ability to automatically translate Web pages that are written in languages other than English. One effect of this feature is to reduce the desire for international trade. reduce the need for modern computer technology. increase the need for instruction in foreign languages. increase opportunities for exchanges of cultural practices.

    76. OGT 2006,11 In 1959, rebel forces led by Fidel Castro overthrew the government of Cuba. Castro’s communist dictatorship seized privately owned farms and factories. People who spoke out against the government were imprisoned. From the 1960s through the 1980s, many people fled from Cuba to the United States. Based on these conditions, the reasons for this migration were health concerns. economic concerns. environmental concerns. racial concerns.

    77. OGT 2006,12 During the years between 1945 and 1950, the period directly following World War II, the Soviet Union expanded its influence in Central and Eastern Europe. • Describe two concerns the United States had about this expansion. • For each concern, identify a related action taken by the United States to counter Soviet activities in Europe during this time period. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (4 points)

    79. OGT 2006,13 The graphs on the previous page could be used to support which thesis? After 1975, there was an increase in bank profits. After 1975, there was a decrease in the number of bank employees. After 1985, there was a decrease in the number of bank branches. After 1985, there was an increase in mergers between banks.

    80. OGT 2006,14 What was the effect of the passage of Jim Crow laws in the United States in the late 19th century? Racial segregation was required by law in southern states. Native Americans were moved onto reservations. Restrictions were placed on business monopolies. Women were denied the right to vote in national elections.

    81. OGT 2006,15 Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau challenged the idea of the divine right of kings. They wrote about a government’s obligations to uphold people’s rights and how the government should be based on the consent of the governed. These new ideas encouraged people to remain firm in their support of absolute monarchs. look for leaders who would exercise dictatorial powers. engage in revolutions to establish democratic governments. call for church leaders to create theocracies and replace the monarchies.

    82. OGT 2006,22 In the years following World War II, the countries of communist Eastern Europe were often referred to as being “behind the iron curtain.” These countries were perceived as a single region based on a common cultural heritage. unique physical features. economic and political characteristics. widespread immigration from other regions.

    83. OGT 2006,23 In an election campaign, voters receive letters describing each candidate’s position on the issues. These letters might be considered credible sources of information if they identify the writer so that his/her qualifications and reputation may be evaluated. use stereotypes effectively in describing the candidates. avoid references to other sources of information about the candidates. avoid presenting facts that would confuse the reader.

    84. OGT 2006,24 The early 20th century saw a significant northward migration of African-Americans. During the 1920s, nearly 400,000 African-Americans settled in New York, Pennsylvania and Illinois. Many lived in large cities such as New York, Philadelphia and Chicago. Identify two economic effects of this migration on the United States. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (2 points)

    85. OGT 2006,25 In the 19th century, many Americans considered Native Americans to be inferior to people of European ancestry. This resulted in discrimination and conflict between European settlers and Native Americans. One consequence of this discrimination was that many Native Americans were displaced from their homelands. forced to maintain their cultural heritage. prevented from trading with European settlers. persecuted for killing buffalo on the Great Plains.

    86. OGT 2006,26 Actions taken by organizations such as those shown in the photo above helped bring about the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson. the decision in Brown v. Board of Education. the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

    87. OGT 2006,27 In the 19th century, European countries claimed that the conquest of Africa would bring the benefits of Western civilization to that continent. From the perspective of African peoples, the effect was loss of political independence. fewer agricultural products for foreign trade. new national boundaries based on ethnic and cultural similarities. global appreciation for African cultures and encouragement of their development.

    88. OGT 2006,28 During the 1960s, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) organized Freedom Rides throughout the South to end segregation on interstate bus routes. James Farmer, national director of CORE at that time, described in an interview one of the strategies used by the Freedom Riders: We … felt that one of the weaknesses of the student sit-in movement of the South had been that as soon as arrested, the kids [were] bailed out. ... A better tactic would be to remain in jail. ... Fill up the jails, as Gandhi did in India, fill them to bursting if we had to. In other words, stay in without bail. James Farmer’s statement would be a credible source of information about a strategy used during the civil rights movement because it is free of bias. it was published in a book. he was a civil rights leader. he uses statistics to support his opinions.

    89. OGT 2006,29 Consider the following historical trends in the United States in the mid-to-late 20th century: • increasing hours of television viewing • people traveling greater distances on the interstate highway system • increasing numbers of people traveling by plane These trends contributed to the rise of sectionalism as a force in U.S. politics. creation of an isolationist foreign policy for the United States. exchange of cultural practices across regions of the United States. development of distinct local cultures in sections of the United States.

    90. OGT 2006,30 One way the Federal Reserve System seeks to influence the U.S. economy is by raising or lowering the rate of interest (discount rate) that member banks must pay to borrow money from the Federal Reserve. • Considering that the inflation rate rose significantly from 1976 to 1980, identify the change (increase or decrease) the Federal Reserve System could have made in the discount rate to reverse that trend. • Describe the expected impact this change in the discount rate would have had on: ???consumer spending ???business spending • Explain why this change in the discount rate would produce the desired effects on spending. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (4 points)

    91. OGT 2006,31 In order to decide which writers’ opinions are most credible on a particular subject, a reader should look for writers who have written on many different topics. express conclusions consistent with information. use stereotypes to support their claims. write with simple words and short sentences.

    92. OGT 2006,32 Beginning in the late 19th century, many Jewish people immigrated to Palestine in the hope of eventually establishing a Jewish state. In 1948, Israel became an independent country. In the following years, Arab and Israeli armies fought several wars. A major reason for this conflict was that Arab countries feared Israeli urbanization would ruin their agriculture. believed Israel was created on lands belonging to Palestinians. believed Israel supported the Soviet Union in the Cold War. were angered by the refusal of Israel to enter into trade agreements.

    93. OGT 2006,33 Why was the formation of labor unions an effect of U.S. industrialization in the late 1800s? Unions were needed to guarantee a steady supply of workers. Union membership was required for employment in new industries. Factory owners set up labor unions in order to control their large workforce. Unions organized industrial workers to protest unsafe working conditions and long workdays.

    94. OGT 2006,34 The burning of draft cards by those who objected to the Vietnam War is an example of civil disobedience because it was an action that was protected by the U.S. Constitution. was intended to draw the attention of the media. violated a law that the protesters considered to be unjust. expressed a point of view that was unpopular at the time.

    95. OGT 2006,35 After World War I, the League of Nations was created to help resolve international conflicts before they led to war. What did Japan’s successful invasion of Manchuria in 1931 indicate about the ability of the League of Nations to prevent World War II? The League had little power to stop acts of aggression. The League was concerned only with disputes in Europe. The League’s army was unprepared for modern warfare. The League was led by countries with the weakest military forces.

    96. OGT 2006,36 Hispanic-American farm workers organized the United Farm Workers to persuade farm owners to treat them more fairly. One perspective of these workers was their belief that the owners’ unfair hiring practices denied them equal opportunity for employment. State two other perspectives of farm workers that led to the creation of the United Farm Workers. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (2 points)

    97. OGT 2006,37 The Statistical Abstract of the United States, published by the U.S. government, contains statistics gathered by numerous government agencies. Why would the most recent edition of the Statistical Abstract be a more reliable source of information than previous editions? The most recent edition would not contain any errors. The most recent edition would be less biased than previous editions. The most recent edition would be a secondary source of information. The most recent edition would contain the most up-to-date information.

    98. OGT 2006,38 In recent decades, a number of states have passed laws designed to protect wetlands such as marshes and swamps. These laws make it difficult for developers to begin new construction on wetlands. This trend was motivated by a decrease in the economic value of wetlands. an increase in the geographical area covered by wetlands. a decrease in the number of environmental threats to wetlands. an increased awareness of the environmental importance of wetlands.

    99. OGT 2006,39 In determining what to produce, how do market economies typically respond to high consumer demand for a product? The government regulates the price of the product. Private companies increase production of the product. The government sets production quotas until the demand is met. Private companies and the government work together to reduce demand.

    100. OGT 2006,40 Following World War II, the Soviet Union dominated the countries of Eastern Europe. Forty years later, the Soviet bloc disintegrated, and the Soviet Union broke apart as well. These later events led to struggles for political control in countries formerly under the control of the Soviet Union. the Chinese Communist Revolution. renewed conflict between Israel and its neighbors. the dismantling of the NATO alliance.

    101. OGT 2006,41 A school superintendent believes that physical education (PE) classes improve student academic performance. This thesis could be supported or refuted by data from schools on the cost of PE equipment. data from a survey of student opinions about PE classes. data comparing student physical fitness before and after PE. data comparing student test scores in schools with and without PE.

    102. OGT 2006,42 Describe the decision-making role of citizens in countries that are dictatorships and in countries that are absolute monarchies. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (2 points)

    103. OGT 2006,43 A government in which the leader typically uses the threat of force to maintain control of the government is known as a dictatorship. presidential democracy. constitutional monarchy. parliamentary democracy.

    104. OGT 2006,44 In the United States, freedom of the press to report on certain matters may be restricted during wartime because reporting military secrets may threaten national security. laws against libel and slander are strictly enforced during wartime. materials used to print newspapers must be conserved during wartime. the government has a compelling interest in suppressing opposing views.

    107. OGT 2005

    108. OGT 2005,1 In recent years, the Spanish language has become more common in the United States, with ballots and signs in government buildings printed in English and Spanish.   This is the result of increased   immigration from Mexico and other Latin American nations. awareness of the religion of Mexico and other Latin American nations. international commitments in Mexico and other Latin American nations. agreements lowering trade barriers with Mexico and other Latin American nations.

    109. OGT 2005,2 During the Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century, farmers in the United States worked to increase their land holdings and modernize their equipment. A lasting effect of these changes was   higher prices for crops. increased rural population density. a shortage of land for farming. greater productivity of farming.

    110. OGT 2005,3 The European Union’s objectives include reducing tariffs, promoting a single market, and creating a common currency. Based on these objectives, what type of world region does the European Union primarily represent? cultural physical political economic

    111. OGT 2005,4 The concepts of equality and democracy were basic to the U.S. Constitution. Yet many Americans in the 19th century did not consider Indian nations worthy of concern or protection. This resulted in discrimination and conflict between European settlers and Native Americans.   For example, many Native Americans were   displaced from their former homelands. prevented from trading with European settlers. forced to maintain their cultural heritage. persecuted for killing buffalo on the Great Plains.

    112. OGT 2005,5 Ecuador has an ideal climate for growing bananas, whereas the United States would have a difficult time growing them.   In order to help U.S. consumers of bananas, the United States would likely   increase the cost of U.S. goods traded with Ecuador. eliminate the tariff on bananas imported from Ecuador. put an excise tax on bananas grown in the United States. discourage world competition for the U.S. banana market.

    113. OGT 2005,6 Historians often cite the harshness of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany as a primary cause of the eventual outbreak of World War II. Summarize two provisions of the Versailles Treaty relating to Germany and discuss how each helped lead to World War II. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (4 points)

    114. OGT 2005,7 At a public meeting, community residents will be able to comment on a proposal for a new city park.   The live broadcast of the meeting will likely be a credible source of information about the meeting attendees’ feelings about the proposed park because   the speakers’ opinions will be unbiased. the speakers will be heard in their own words. television makes presentations more interesting. many journalists and citizens will be in the audience.

    115. OGT 2005,8 One cause of suburbanization in the United States during the 1920s was increased   overcrowding in cities. economic opportunities in rural towns. emigration from the United States. economic reliance upon agriculture.

    116. OGT 2005,9 A local politician believes that allowing graffiti artists to paint on a designated wall in a city park would reduce illegal graffiti in other parts of the city.   Which statement would help support this thesis?   Many people in the city do not approve of graffiti. Graffiti has appeared on buildings in many parts of the city. Illegal graffiti is not protected by the right to free speech. Similar programs have reduced illegal graffiti in other cities.

    117. OGT 2005,10 In the United States, a citizen’s exercise of speech and expression may be legally restricted when that individual   threatens public safety. opposes public opinion. criticizes public officials. condemns public institutions.

    118. OGT 2005,11 Below are two points of view about a local landfill.   From a local citizens group: “Unless the local landfill is closed down, the health of community residents will continue to suffer. The cost of finding a new landfill site is no longer the issue. Far more important are the proven health risks of toxic waste leakage.”   From a county environmental safety official: “While there is always some health risk from landfills, the risk from our local landfill has proven to be very small. However, capacity is becoming a problem. Whatever the cost, we will need to find a new landfill site within the next year or the health of our citizens will become a real concern.”   Which statement about the two points of view presented above is accurate?   The point of view of the county official includes data to support it. The point of view of the citizens group is composed of facts. Both points of view fail to mention their sources of information. Both points of view include support from reliable sources of information.

    119. OGT 2005,12 The Industrial Revolution brought about major changes not only in cities, but in rural America as well. Before machines were used, one farmer could harvest about 7.5 acres of wheat per year. With machines, he could harvest wheat on 135 acres. Scientists also developed new kinds of wheat seeds that could survive northern winters. These developments were examples of what was happening in many areas of agriculture. Explain two additional ways farming changed as a result of the Industrial Revolution. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (2 points)

    120. OGT 2005,13 In a democracy, the source of authority for the government is the head of state. legislature. courts. people.

    121. OGT 2005,14 In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, improvements in steel technology allowed architects to design buildings taller than had previously been possible. As a result, skyscrapers began to be built in cities such as New York and Chicago.   What was the result of this new technology on population patterns in the United States in the first half of the 20th century?   decreased growth of suburban areas migration from the West to the Midwest greater population density in urban areas increased migration from urban to rural areas

    122. OGT 2005,15 The data above support the thesis that between 1990 and 2000 the price of newspapers decreased steadily. information in newspapers became more reliable. people became more informed about world events. people decreasingly relied on newspapers as a source of information.

    123. OGT 2005,16 The League of Nations was created after World War I as a forum for resolving international conflicts. However, the League was unable to resolve tensions that led to World War II.   One factor that contributed to the ineffectiveness of the League was the breakup of colonial empires in Africa and Asia. decision of the United States not to join the League. opposition of League members to the Treaty of Versailles. rise of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.

    124. OGT 2005,17 As British rule in India came to an end, violence sparked by religious differences between Hindus and Muslims led to the decision by Britain to divide the country into Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan. However, after the partition, many Muslims still lived within the borders of Hindu India.   The perception of Hindus and Muslims that the cultural differences between them were greater than their similarities led to   invasion by neighboring countries. a return to British rule to establish order. continued violence and many refugees. the end of democratic government in India.

    125. OGT 2005,18 Monarchies may be absolute monarchies or constitutional monarchies. Explain how monarchs usually acquire power under both types of monarchies; Describe what limits, if any, exist on how monarchs exercise power in both types of monarchies.   Write your answer in the Answer Document. (4 points)

    126. OGT 2005,19 At the end of World War II, Soviet armies liberated the countries of Eastern Europe from Nazi Germany. The occupation of these countries by the Soviet Union contributed to the development of the Cold War by   contributing to conflict in the Middle East. bringing about the reunification of Germany. strengthening the authority of the United Nations. dividing Europe into communist and non-communist spheres.

    127. OGT 2005,20 The 1890 U.S. Census led some people to conclude that there was no longer a frontier line in the West. Early in the 20th century, President Theodore Roosevelt advocated the conservation of the nation’s natural resources.   These events signaled a change in how people perceived farmland. urban areas. wilderness areas. centers of industry and technology.

    128. OGT 2005,21 A newspaper prints an article on a controversial political issue.   This article could be considered biased if its author   formed logical conclusions based on fact. contacted supporters of only one side. presented statistical information on the issue. included information that had not been published before.

    129. OGT 2005,22 During World War II, Japanese- Americans were relocated from their homes on the West Coast of the United States to internment camps in the U.S. interior.   This action indicated a widespread fear that Japanese-Americans were a threat to national security. members of the Communist Party. competitors for jobs in wartime factories. immigrating to the United States in large numbers.

    130. OGT 2005,23 Economies must address how to produce goods and services. In the economy of a certain country, some factories are owned by individuals and private companies, and other factories are owned and controlled by the government.   What type of economy does this country have?   mixed market traditional command

    131. OGT 2005,24 Satellite-based communication systems allow people to communicate more easily. This increases the interdependence of nations around the world.   Describe how another advance in global communications or transportation contributes to the exchange of cultural practices. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (2 points)

    132. OGT 2005,2 Natural law was a fundamental idea of the Enlightenment.   Which concept is an application of natural law to the government’s role in the economic lives of its citizens?   free markets based on supply and demand government control to achieve a favorable balance of trade agriculture based on tenant farming and serfdom lower taxes on the most privileged groups in society

    133. OGT 2005,26 A newspaper headline states, “Federal Reserve Decides to Reduce the Money Supply; Slowing of the Economy Likely Impact.”   According to the headline, the Federal Reserve   wants banks to reduce lending. thinks the unemployment rate is too high. wants banks to give more customers loans. hopes that consumers will decide to spend more.

    134. OGT 2005,27 One effect of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th century was   a decrease in child labor. an increase in demand for handicraft goods. a decrease in immigration to the United States. an increase in urbanization

    136. OGT 2005,28 Following World War I, Great Britain was given a mandate (order) by the League of Nations to govern Palestine. Jewish immigration to Palestine greatly increased during the 1930s and 1940s. Violence erupted between Palestinian Arabs and Jewish people. Unable to resolve the conflict, Britain turned the problem over to the United Nations. The maps on the previous page show changes to this region as a result of the U.N. Partition Plan of 1947. According to the maps on the previous page, how did the U.N. Partition Plan propose to prevent further violence between Palestinian Arabs and Jewish people? The physical features of the region were used to separate the Jewish people from the Palestinian Arabs. An economic union was created that made the Jewish people and thePalestinian Arabs dependent on each other. Two political regions were created in order to divide the control of Palestine between the Jewish people and the Palestinian Arabs. Palestine was placed under the jurisdiction of the United Nations, and its boundaries were redrawn to include Jewish people and Palestinian Arabs.

    137. OGT 2005,35 Actions such as those shown in the picture above helped bring about   the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson. the decision in Brown v. Board of Education. the 19th Amendment. the 26th Amendment.

    138. OGT 2005,36 If the U.S. government wanted to encourage businesses to hire more employees, would the government raise taxes or lower taxes on businesses? Explain your answer. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (2 points)

    139. OGT 2005,37 Governor Stone is running for re-election. In a letter to the editor of a local newspaper, a citizen writes:   The past four years have been devastating for our state. Governor Stone hasn’t done anything but make speeches and raise money for his next political campaign. The average family has less today than it did four years ago.   In another letter, Governor Stone replies:   The economy of our state is stronger than it was four years ago. The average family income has increased three percent, after adjustments for inflation. School funding has increased 23 percent. The state repaved 5,000 miles of four-lane highway. If re-elected, you can count on me to continue to improve the quality of life in our state.   Governor Stone’s statement could be reliable because   it was printed in the newspaper. Governor Stone is an elected official. it contains information that can be verified. the original letter writer represents the average family.

    140. OGT 2005,38 One factor that motivated U.S. imperialism during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was the   development of closer political ties with European nations. closing of China to all foreign trade. support of international peacekeeping operations. acquisition of new markets and sources of raw materials.

    141. OGT 2005,39 Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century:   improvements in agricultural production; increases in immigration from Europe; advancements in networks of railroad and streetcar lines.   These changes led to the   rapid growth of urban areas. acquisition of overseas territories. elimination of large suburbs around many cities. movement of people from the urban to the rural areas.

    142. OGT 2005,40 One form of civil disobedience practiced by college students during the Vietnam War was the burning of draft cards.   How were draft card burnings different from other forms of protest such as organizing marches and publishing underground newspapers?   Draft card burnings were direct violations of a law perceived to be unjust. Draft card burnings were protected under the First Amendment of the Constitution. Draft card burnings were used to encourage young men to volunteer for military duty rather than be drafted. Draft card burnings were a continuation of protest methods begun by the Ku Klux Klan in the 1960s.

    143. OGT 2005,41 The above cartoon appeared in Indian Country Today, a Native American newspaper. This cartoon reflects the perspective that Native American cultures existed in North America before the arrival of Europeans.   This perspective has inspired Native American groups to   abandon native languages. celebrate Native American culture. abandon traditional fishing and hunting methods. avoid serving in the armed forces of the United States.

    145. OGT 2005,42 In 1970, a state government announced a program to reduce the number of state highway accidents to less than 1,000 per year within 10 years. In 1980, the state’s governor asserted that the goal of the accident reduction program had been met. Using the data in the graph above, support or refute the governor’s assertion. Write your answer in the Answer Document. (2 points)

    146. OGT 2005,43 During the Enlightenment, a number of writers explored the relationship between governments and the people they governed. For example, Rousseau wrote The Social Contract, in which he examined ideas about majority will and the common good.   How did these ideas influence the American and French Revolutions?   They encouraged loyalty to established governments. They supported movements for social and political change. They encouraged the formation of American and French constitutional monarchies. They supported the efforts of governments to maintain control over their subjects.

    147. OGT 2005,44 The school board of a particular school district has proposed a school uniform policy. It believes that the policy will improve student behavior.   This thesis could be supported or refuted by   data on student behavior in other school districts that do not have school uniform policies. data from other school districts comparing student behavior before and after similar uniform policies were put into effect. data from schools within the school district regarding students’ views of the uniform policy. data from schools within the school district regarding current student behavior.

More Related