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21 st CENTURY FLORAS New technologies to speed the process

21 st CENTURY FLORAS New technologies to speed the process. Arthur D. Chapman paper134@achapman.org. Problems in beginning a new Flora. Problems in beginning a new Flora. Access to available names Access to publications Access to adequate collections Access to ancillary information

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21 st CENTURY FLORAS New technologies to speed the process

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  1. 21st CENTURY FLORASNew technologies to speed the process Arthur D. Chapman paper134@achapman.org

  2. Problems in beginning a new Flora Problems in beginning a new Flora • Access to available names • Access to publications • Access to adequate collections • Access to ancillary information • Speed of the taxonomic process • Re-inventing the wheel • Size of the task With thanks to George Shepherd

  3. 250 years of Endeavour where are we now? where are we going?

  4. Using emerging technologies Using emerging technologies • What emerging technologies? • How are they being used? • How can these be used to solve the problems of beginning a new Flora

  5. Changing Technologies Changing Technology • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools

  6. The Internet Internet • New high-speed parallel networks • From gopher to grid • Distributed systems • From Z39.50 to XML, SOAP • Interactive Mapping • From Imap to ArcIMS, Mapserver From http://ces.asu.edu/bdi/Subjects/Xanthoria/

  7. Changing Technologies Changing Technology • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools

  8. Computer Storage Computer Storage 20 Gb USB/Firewire 256 Mb USB 160 Gb USB/Firewire 1 Gb smartcard

  9. Changing Technologies Changing Technology • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools

  10. Chip Development Chip Development P4 P4 P3 P2 8008 286 486 P1 4004 8086 386

  11. Changing Technologies Changing Technology • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools

  12. Geocoding GPS • Manual coding • Automated georeferencing • GPS

  13. Atlas of Australian Birds Australian Bird Atlas From Atlas Newsletter No. 9, 2002

  14. Changing Technologies • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools

  15. Changing Technologies • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools

  16. Type collections INBIO Costa Rica

  17. Type Collections US National Herbarium

  18. Type Collections University of Florida

  19. Type Collections

  20. With thanks to Barbara Thiers, NYBG

  21. With thanks to Barbara Thiers, NYBG

  22. Changing Technologies • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools

  23. Digital Imagery Digital Imagery

  24. Changing Technology • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools

  25. Video Imaging

  26. Changing Technology • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools

  27. Digital Libraries Digital Libraries With thanks to Barbara Thiers, NYBG

  28. Changing Technologies • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Presentation Tools

  29. Flora of Australia Flora of Australia

  30. Flora of Australia Flora of Australia

  31. Using emerging technologies Using emereging technologies • Access to available names

  32. Using emerging technologies Using emereging technologies • Access to available names • Catalogue of names (authority files) • Distributed access

  33. Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Access to publications

  34. Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Access to publications • Digital libraries • Scanning

  35. Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Access to adequate collections

  36. Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Access to adequate collections • Virtual Herbaria • DiGIR

  37. Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Access to ancillary information

  38. Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Access to ancillary information • Flora Braziliensis revisited • Digital libraries

  39. Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Speed of the taxonomic process

  40. Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Speed of the taxonomic process • Databases • Protologues • Types • Electronic publications • Names, check lists, floras, etc. • Working smarter • Sharing data, pooling descriptions

  41. Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Re-inventing the wheel • Other floras and electronic floras • Flora of Australia/XML • Distributed systems • Species Plantarum? • Utilising the resources

  42. Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Size of the task

  43. Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Size of the task • What type of Flora? • Who wants a Flora anyway? • Electronic Flora • Check lists, guide books • What are the priorities • Australian experience • Orchids – are they really plants? • 250 years of taxonomic endeavour

  44. Working Smarter If Linnaeus was starting today would he do things the same way?

  45. Working Smarter The future – • Linking distributed information • A distributed flora? • Searching interactively • ‘on demand’ Floras • Up-to-date information • Quicker, more efficient taxonomy

  46. Working Smarter Working Smarter Taxonomic process • Searching for names • Searching for original descriptions • Searching for recent revisions • Searching for specimens/types • Creating a character set • Writing descriptions • Publishing

  47. Working Smarter How can we improve efficiency Writing Floras • Gathering information from revisions • Re-keying information • Re-checking specimens • Geo-referencing • Checking other treatises, floras, etc. • Writing up • Mapping • Illustrating • Publishing • Data validation tools

  48. Working Smarter LUCID

  49. A fantasy • Person in field with a GPS and satellite link • Upload location • Download key and descriptions • Type in vegetation type – use interactive keys • Upload photograph or video • Get identification – or notification of possible new species • New description, photograph, etc. on spot added to database – perhaps with code rather than formal name. • Information is immediately to other researchers and taxonomists.

  50. Questions?

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