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Learn how health plan data is pivotal in early epidemic detection, surveillance, response, and more to combat bioterrorism threats like anthrax through case examples and the importance of provider capacity and post-marketing surveillance.
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Using Health Plan Data as Part of the Arsenal to Combat Bioterrorism and Enhance Epidemic Detection Dawn Wood, MD, MPH Vice President, Corporate Medical Director Blue Cross of California State Sponsored Business
Fred Buckwold, MD, FACP Medical Director UniCare
WellPoint Blue Cross and Blue Shield Companies: serving members in Colorado, Connecticut, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Nevada, New Hampshire, Ohio and Virginia; Blue Cross and Blue Shield plans serving members in Georgia, Missouri and Wisconsin; Blue Cross of California; and, Empire Blue Cross Blue Shield. UniCare: nationwide full-service health plan, marketed primarily where the company does not have a licensed Blue plan. State Sponsored Business: Medicaid contracts in 14 states and Puerto Rico.
Health Plan Membership* WellPoint 34.2 million United 19.5 million Aetna 15.4 million Humana 11.3 million CIGNA 9.3 million Kaiser 8.6 million HealthNet 6.6 million Coventry 2.5 million Total 107.4 million *Data on membership enrollment compiled by MCOL from company financial reports and web sites as of year end 2006
Preparedness & Response • Surveillance • National and international monitoring systems • Earliest possible warnings • Detection • Identification of critical events against background • Response • Support and leadership for immediate, short- and longer-term local and national efforts • Communication, sharing resources, mobilizing supplies and appropriately trained healthcare personnel • Containment • Limit spread and mitigate adverse impacts • Use knowledge gained to bolster preventive efforts
Importance of Epidemic Surveillance • SARS • Avian influenza (H5N1) • E-coli O157:H7 outbreak (recently found in spinach) • Terrorism – Anthrax cases Epidemics need to be found early
Current Status for Epidemic Surveillance • A national communication system for private and public partners is provided through the Centers for Disease Control’s (CDC) Health Alert Network (HAN) • Posts alerts, advisories, updates • Reporting protocols • First responder instructions • National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS) developed to promote enhanced data sharing • National, state, territorial collaboration • Standards development (IT architecture)
Health Plan Surveillance Data • Health plans regularly monitor and trend paid claims and capitated encounters • Electronic claims submission decreases claims lag • Multiple data sources available from health plans • Near real-time data for: • Hospital admissions (authorizations or notifications required) • Pharmacy
Health Plan Surveillance Data • Diverse sources for health plan data: • ER, hospitals, pharmacies, doctor’s office • Each data source can provide additional information regarding disease status of a population • Health plans have multiple data sources and can aggregate the data to increase disease detection sensitivity and specificity
Example of Health Plan Surveillance Data • Pharmacy claims for Cipro • October 2001 increase coincided with media Anthrax coverage
Example of Health Plan Surveillance Data • Daily Pneumonia claims
Disaster Support and Response • Health plan data can be used to provide a basic “Virtual Electronic Medical Record” • Sources of data: • Claims - outpatient and inpatient services • Pharmacy • Case management • Data redundancy • Disaster management • Nurse advice line • Provider contact and referral information • Outreach
Addressing Provider Capacity • Epidemics and bioterrorist events can potentially overwhelm community healthcare resources • Health plans maintain provider databases and healthcare provider communication pathways within diverse communities • Health plans can partner with Public Health • To assess and share information on • Hospital bed capacity • Primary care & specialty physician capacity • Pharmacy capacity • To plan mobilization of healthcare resources
Post-Marketing Surveillance • Health plan data is a source for trend information on • Side effects and adverse reactions leading to • Diagnosed conditions • Use of pharmaceutical agents • Emergency, hospital, and outpatient services • Health plan data can • Support routine surveillance • Help create methods to minimize risk • Breast cancer – estrogen link • Pain medications – cardiac damage link
In conclusion • Health Plans are not in the Public Health Business • Most are public for-profit companies • Health Plans have data that could be useful for epidemic/disease detection • Health Plans can play a supportive role during outbreaks/disasters • Health Plans have data that could be useful for public health and other medical analysis