Take A Walk Through History

1. Take A Walk Through History A glimpse into our past!

2. An Archaeological Dig Archaeologists are scientists who study the past by collecting artifacts. An artifact is a clue that people of the past have left behind.

3. The Land Bridge Theory This theory suggests that during the last ice age, nomads from Asia tracked mega fauna across a frozen tract of ice, where the present day Bering Straight is. This happened around 11,500 years ago!

4. Land Bridge Theory Vocabulary • Nomad- A person, or group of people, that do not have a set home because they follow the seasonal migration of the animals they hunt for food. Typically, a nomad is a hunter and gatherer…The Clovis People • Mega fauna- Very large animals that are now extinct: Mastodon, Wooly Mammoth, Giant Sloth,etc. • Ice Age- A period in the Earth’s history that was so cold, most of the oceans stayed frozen and the land was generally frozen tundra.

5. The Clovis People These nomads that came across the Land Bridge are commonly known as the Clovis People. They hunted with distinct spear point, called Clovis Points (below).

6. Mega Fauna

7. The Bering Strait Today a stretch of sea just 50 miles wide separates North America and Asia at the place where the two continents are closest to each other. The Bering Strait is the name of the body of water.

8. Native Americans • The Iroquois were the first people to occupy North America. There were six tribes. Can you name them? What other tribe co-existed with the Iroquois for some time?

9. 800’s to 1002 The Vikings • The Vikings were the first explores of North America. They were seafaring people from northern Europe, who traded and conquered throughout Europe, the Middle East and North America.

10. The Age of Exploration During the 1400’s thru 1600’s ‘European explorers searched for trade routes to Asia. During their voyages they stumble across the Americas.

11. Christopher Columbus In 1492 Columbus, an Italian, sailed for Spain. Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand thought that Asia could be reached by traveling west. No one thought that another continent might be in the way. He discovered America.

12. John Cabot • John Cabot, also known as Giovanni Caboto, was an Italian explorer who sailed for England in 1497. He attempted to find a northwest passage to Asia. He was unsuccessful.

13. Jacques Cartier • In 1534 this French Captain sailed up the Saint Lawrence River hoping it would take him to Asia. Instead he met and befriended the Iroquois.

14. Samuel D. Champlain • In 1603 this Frenchman took several trips up the St. Lawrence also in search of the Northwest Passage to Asia. In 1608 he began the first French settlement in North America.

15. Henry Hudson • In 1609 the Dutch sent this English Captain to search for the Northwest Passage. He sailed up the “Hudson River” from the mouth of the Atlantic claiming the river and surrounding land for the Dutch.

16. Jamestown in 1607 • The English began this settlement in Virginia. John Smith was the leader of the new colony. Pocahontas, a member of the Algonquin tribe married John Rolfe, a colonist.

17. 1620 Mayflower Compact • Because there were no rules in place to govern the people who sailed on the Mayflower, the group wrote up an agreement which provided a set of laws for the Plimouth Plantation.

18. Peter Stuyvesant 1647 • Governor of New Amsterdam. • He had a wooden leg decorated with silver nails. • Settlers called him “Old Silvernails.” • In 1664 he and soldiers surrender to English in Manhattan

19. New Netherlands becomes New York, 1664 • The English took over the Dutch colony of New Netherlands, changing the name to New York. • Governor Nicolls welcomed new settlers. • Huguenots - People who left France for religious freedom. • Palatines - People who left Germany for religious freedom.

20. French & Indian War • Also known as the Seven-Year War. 1756-1763. Britain declared war on France to gain control over North America. The Indians led by Chief Pontiac led a series of very successful attacks on the British

21. Stamp Act 1765 • To help pay for the debt incurred by the French and Indian War, the British taxed the Colonists for everything printed on paper. An official stamp had to be purchased before paper products could be both sold or used.

22. The Boston Massacre 1770 Crispus Attucks was a black youth who led a group of colonists to the Boston Customs House where they taunted the British soldiers throwing snowballs at them. The 8 soldiers were intimidated by the growing group of colonists and panicked, killing 5 men. It was known as the Boston Massacre because defenseless people were killed.

23. Thirteen Original Colonies • The 13 original colonies were: New Jersey Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Delaware, North & South Carolina, Maryland and Georgia.

24. The Tea Act 1773 • To help the East India Company deal with financial problems, the British allowed the company to sent its tea to the colonies without paying a tax, but they charged the colonists a tax on tea.

25. Boston Tea Party 1773 • The Sons of Liberty dressed up as Mohawk Indians and dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor to rebel against the British Tea Tax.

26. Intolerable Acts, 1774 To punish the colonists for their “tea party” the British… • Closed the port to trade. • Withdrew the right to elect own officials. • Required colonists to quarter troops. • Controlled town meetings.

27. First Continental Congress 1774 • In September 1774, the delegates met in Philadelphia for 51 days to discuss giving support to Massachusetts Patriots. They voted to put a stop to all trade with Britain until the repeal of the Intolerable Acts.

28. Second Continental Congress 1775 The delegates met in Philadelphia, some of whom were John Hancock, John Adams, Samuel Adams, Ben Franklin and George Washington. They agreed to support the Patriots and voted to send 10 companies of riflemen to join the militia outside of Boston. George Washington Became their leader.

29. Battles of Lexington and Concord, 1775 • The first two battles of the Revolutionary War. • In retaliation for the Intolerable Acts. • Ordinary citizens calling themselves “Minutemen” formed a militia to battle the British. • Paul Revere took his famous midnight ride to warn the Minutemen that, “The British are coming!” • The British were victorious in Lexington and the Minutemen were victorious in Concord.

30. The Battle of Bunker Hill • The actual battle took place on Breed’s Hill NOT Bunker Hill. • The British camped out on Breed’s Hill waiting for the Patriots. • Because they began to run out of ammunition, Col. Prescott ordered, “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes.” • The British won but suffered many casualties.

31. The Revolutionary WarThe American Revolution

32. Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 • The Second Continental Congress, made up of our founding fathers, wrote this document to represent the colonists’ wish to declare themselves free and independent from Britain and King George. Can you name the 5 parts of the Declaration of Independence?

33. 1526 - 1810 Slave Trade • During this time, slaves from Africa were brought to the Americas and sold. These slaves worked for free and were owned by other human beings.

34. War of 1812 • During James Madison’s presidency. • Indian raids and trouble with American ships had to be stopped. • Congress declared war against the British on June 18, 1812.

35. Industrialization • The Industrial Revolution got its name from the great changes that began in England with many new inventions. In the early 1800’s, many changes were beginning to take place in America also. The invention of new machines, such as the Cotton Gin, led to many factories being built instead of people using their homes or small shops.

36. 1814 Industrial Revolution • The Industrial Revolution was the major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century. • It resulted from the replacement of an economy based on manual labor to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture. • It began in England with the introduction of steam power (fueled primarily by coal) and powered machinery.

37. Erie Canal, 1817 • At the time it was built, it was the greatest canal of all. It was completely man-made. It was 363 miles long, ten feet wide and four feet deep. It stretched from Albany to Buffalo. It was known as Clinton’s ditch and Clinton’s Folly because it took so long to construct and it was Gov. Clinton’s project.

38. Manifest Destiny 1845 • Many Americans believed that it was their “destiny” or future to expand westward across the continent. The term “Manifest Destiny” was introduced in 1845 by John O’Sullivan, a magazine editor.

39. Women’s Suffrage Movement • 1848 First Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, NY • Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott led the convention • Both men and women attended the convention • Women want rights under the law.

40. The Civil War • A battle between the north and the south. • It was the greatest war in American history. • 3 million fought - 600,000 died. • It was the only war fought on American soil by Americans